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Table 2.
The Known Female Gametophyte Mutants
|
|
| Mutant |
Species |
Class |
Defect |
Reference |
| constitutive triple response1 (ctr1) |
Arabidopsis |
FGSa |
Megagametogenesis not affected |
Kieber and Ecker 1994 ; C.A. Christensen and G.N. Drews, unpublished data |
| emb173 |
Arabidopsis |
NDb |
Megagametogenesis not affected |
Castle et al. 1993 ; C.A. Christensen and G.N. Drews, unpublished data |
| female gametophyte1 (fem1) |
Arabidopsis |
FGS |
Female gametophyte disintegrates soon after cellularization |
S. Subramanian and G.N. Drews, unpublished data |
| female gametophyte2 (fem2) |
Arabidopsis |
FGS |
Developmental arrest at the one-nucleate stage |
C.A. Christensen and G.N. Drews, unpublished data |
| female gametophyte3 (fem3) |
Arabidopsis |
GGc |
Developmental arrest at the one-nucleate stage |
C.A. Christensen and G.N. Drews, unpublished data |
| female gametophyte4 (fem4) |
Arabidopsis |
GG |
Cellular morphology is abnormal |
C.A. Christensen and G.N. Drews, unpublished data |
| fertilization-independent endosperm (fie) |
Arabidopsis |
FGS |
Megagametogenesis not affected; endosperm development occurs in the absence of fertilization |
Ohad et al. 1996 |
| fertilization-independent seed1 (fis1) |
Arabidopsis |
FGS |
Megagametogenesis not affected; endosperm development occurs in the absence of fertilization |
Chaudhury et al. 1997 |
| fertilization-independent seed2 (fis2) |
Arabidopsis |
FGS |
Megagametogenesis not affected; endosperm development occurs in the absence of fertilization |
Chaudhury et al. 1997 |
| fertilization-independent seed3 (fis3) |
Arabidopsis |
FGS |
Megagametogenesis not affected; endosperm development occurs in the absence of fertilization |
Chaudhury et al. 1997 |
| Gametophytic factor (Gf ) |
Arabidopsis |
GG |
Developmental arrest at the one-nucleate stage |
Redei 1965 ; Christensen et al. 1997 |
| gametophytic factor1 (gfa1) |
Arabidopsis |
GG |
ND |
Feldmann et al. 1997 |
| gametophytic factor2 (gfa2) |
Arabidopsis |
GG |
Polar nuclei fail to fuse |
Feldmann et al. 1997 ; C.A. Christensen and G.N. Drews, unpublished data |
| gametophytic factor3 (gfa3) |
Arabidopsis |
GG |
Polar nuclei fail to fuse |
Feldmann et al. 1997 ; C.A. Christensen and G.N. Drews, unpublished data |
| gametophytic factor4 (gfa4) |
Arabidopsis |
GG |
Developmental arrest at the one-nucleate stage |
Feldmann et al. 1997 ; C.A. Christensen and G.N. Drews, unpublished data |
| gametophytic factor5 (gfa5) |
Arabidopsis |
GG |
Developmental arrest at the one-nucleate stage |
Feldmann et al. 1997 ; C.A. Christensen and G.N. Drews, unpublished data |
| gametophytic factor6 (gfa6) |
Arabidopsis |
GG |
ND |
Feldmann et al. 1997 |
| gametophytic factor7 (gfa7) |
Arabidopsis |
GG |
Polar nuclei fail to fuse |
Feldmann et al. 1997 ; C.A. Christensen and G.N. Drews, unpublished data |
| hadad (hdd) |
Arabidopsis |
GG |
Developmental arrest at the two- to eight-nucleate stage |
Moore et al. 1998 |
| indeterminate gametophyte1 (ig) |
Maize |
FGS |
Pleiotropic; primary defect thought to be in nuclear division |
Kermicle 1971 ; Huang and Sheridan 1996 |
| lethal ovule1 (lo1) |
Maize |
FGS |
ND |
Singleton and Mangelsdorf 1940 |
| lethal ovule2 (lo2) |
Maize |
GG |
Pleiotropic; primary defect thought to be in nuclear division |
Nelson and Clary 1952 ; Sheridan and Huang 1997 |
| prolifera (prl) |
Arabidopsis |
FGS |
Developmental arrest at the four-nucleate stage |
Springer et al. 1995 |
| small pollen1 (sp1) |
Maize |
GG |
ND |
Singleton and Mangelsdorf 1940 |
| small pollen2 (sp2) |
Maize |
GG |
ND |
Rhoades and Rhoades 1939 |
| trp1; trp4 |
Arabidopsis |
FGS |
ND |
Niyogi et al. 1993 |
a FGS, female gametophyte specific.
b ND, not done.
c GG, general gametophytic.
|
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(continued)
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