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The Plant Cell 19:1139

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IN BRIEF

G Protein {gamma} Subunits Provide Functional Selectivity

Nancy A. Eckardt

News and Reviews Editor

neckardt{at}aspb.org

Heterotrimeric G protein signaling mediated by transmembrane G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) is ubiquitous among eukaryotes. The G protein heterotrimer consists of {alpha}, ß, and {gamma} subunits bound to specific GPCRs. Ligand binding to the GPCR induces a change in G{alpha} and the exchange of bound GDP for GTP, which turns the G{alpha} subunit and the Gß{gamma} dimer into two functional signaling units. Intrinsic GTPase activity of G{alpha} returns the heterotrimer back to the inactive form. Diversity and selectivity in G protein signaling in mammals is provided by the existence of gene families for each of the G protein subunits. Humans contain at least 23 G{alpha} subunits, 6 Gß subunits, and 12 G{gamma} subunits, which show selectivity in their interactions and differences in tissue specificity. By contrast, Arabidopsis and a number of other plants contain one G{alpha} subunit, one Gß subunit, and two G{gamma} subunits (some legumes have two G{alpha} subunits). Evidence is emerging that G{alpha} and Gß{gamma} are involved in signaling in specific and independent pathways in plants. Trusov et al. (pages 1235–1250) show that the two G{gamma} subunits in Arabidopsis provide functional selectivity to Gß{gamma} signaling. Genetic analyses reveal that the two G{gamma} subunits provide specificity to the Gß{gamma} dimer action in at least three different signaling pathways: fungal resistance, glucose sensing, and auxin-mediated lateral root development.


Figure 1
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  		Distinct patterns of expression of the two G{gamma} genes, AGG1 and AGG2, in root tissue, relative to expression of AGB1, which encodes the Gß subunit.

 
Footnotes

www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.107.190411


Related articles in Plant Cell:

Heterotrimeric G Protein {gamma} Subunits Provide Functional Selectivity in Gß{gamma} Dimer Signaling in Arabidopsis
Yuri Trusov, James Edward Rookes, Kimberley Tilbrook, David Chakravorty, Michael Glenn Mason, David Anderson, Jin-Gui Chen, Alan M. Jones, and José Ramón Botella
Plant Cell 2007 19: 1235-1250. [Abstract] [Full Text]  




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