First published online April 29, 2002; 10.1105/tpc.001164
The Plant Cell, Vol. 14, 1109-1120,
May 2002, Copyright © 2002,
American Society of Plant Biologists
An Arabidopsis Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase Gene Family Encodes Essential Positive Regulators of Cytokinesis
Patrick J. Krysan1,2,
Peter J. Jester,
Jennifer R. Gottwald and
Michael R. Sussman
Biotechnology Center, University of WisconsinMadison, 425 Henry Mall, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
2 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail fpat{at}biotech.wisc.edu; fax 608-262-4743
The signal transduction pathways that control cytokinesis in plants are largely uncharacterized. Here, we provide genetic evidence that mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs) play a role in the control of plant cell division. Using a reverse-genetic approach, we isolated plants carrying knockout alleles of the Arabidopsis MAPKKK genes ANP1, ANP2, and ANP3. The resulting single-mutant plants displayed no obvious abnormal phenotypes; two of the three double-mutant combinations displayed defects in cell division and growth; and the triple-mutant combination was not transmitted through either male or female gametes. The molecular and structural phenotypes displayed by the double mutants support a model in which the ANP family of MAPKKKs positively regulates cell division and growth and may negatively regulate stress responses.
Related articles in Plant Cell:
- Good Things Come in Threes: A Trio of Triple Kinases Essential for Cell Division in Arabidopsis
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Plant Cell 2002 14: 965-967.
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