First published online December 19, 2002; 10.1105/tpc.006577
The Plant Cell, Vol. 15, 119-132,
January 2003, Copyright © 2003,
American Society of Plant Biologists
AtATM Is Essential for Meiosis and the Somatic Response to DNA Damage in Plants
Valérie Garciaa,
Hugues Brucheta,
Delphine Camescassea,
Fabienne Granierb,
David Bouchezb and
Alain Tissier1,a
a Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Végétale, Département d'Ecophysiologie Végétale et de Microbiologie, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, 13108 St. Paul-lez-Durance Cedex, France
b Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Route de Saint Cyr, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail alain.tissier{at}cea.fr; fax 33-442-2526-25
In contrast to yeast or mammalian cells, little is known about the signaling responses to DNA damage in plants. We previously characterized AtATM, an Arabidopsis homolog of the human ATM gene, which is mutated in ataxia telangiectasia, a chromosome instability disorder. The Atm protein is a protein kinase whose activity is induced by DNA damage, particularly DNA double-strand breaks. The phosphorylation targets of Atm include proteins involved in DNA repair, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. Here, we describe the isolation and functional characterization of two Arabidopsis mutants carrying a T-DNA insertion in AtATM. Arabidopsis atm mutants are hypersensitive to  -radiation and methylmethane sulfonate but not to UV-B light. In correlation with the radiation sensitivity, atm mutants failed to induce the transcription of genes involved in the repair and/or detection of DNA breaks upon irradiation. In addition, atm mutants are partially sterile, and we show that this effect is attributable to abundant chromosomal fragmentation during meiosis. Interestingly, the transcription of DNA recombination genes during meiosis was not dependent on AtATM, and meiotic recombination occurred at the same rate as in wild-type plants, raising questions about the function of AtAtm during meiosis in plants. Our results demonstrate that AtATM plays a central role in the response to both stress-induced and developmentally programmed DNA damage.
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