First published online December 19, 2002; 10.1105/tpc.004838
The Plant Cell, Vol. 15, 79-92,
January 2003, Copyright © 2003,
American Society of Plant Biologists
Altered Cell Cycle Distribution, Hyperplasia, and Inhibited Differentiation in Arabidopsis Caused by the D-Type Cyclin CYCD3
Walter Dewittea,
Catherine Riou-Khamlichi1,a,
Simon Scofielda,
J. M. Sandra Healy2,a,
Annie Jacqmardb,
Nigel J. Kilby3,a and
James A. H. Murray4,a
a Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom
b Département de Biologie Végétale, Université de Liège, Service de Physiologie, Sart Tilman, B4000 Liège, Belgium
4 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail j.murray{at}biotech.cam.ac.uk; fax 44-1223-334167
CYCD3;1 expression in Arabidopsis is associated with proliferating tissues such as meristems and developing leaves but not with differentiated tissues. Constitutive overexpression of CYCD3;1 increases CYCD3;1-associated kinase activity and reduces the proportion of cells in the G1-phase of the cell cycle. Moreover, CYCD3;1 overexpression leads to striking alterations in development. Leaf architecture in overexpressing plants is altered radically, with a failure to develop distinct spongy and palisade mesophyll layers. Associated with this, we observe hyperproliferation of leaf cells; in particular, the epidermis consists of large numbers of small, incompletely differentiated polygonal cells. Endoreduplication, a marker for differentiated cells that have exited from the mitotic cell cycle, is inhibited strongly in CYCD3;1-overexpressing plants. Transcript analysis reveals an activation of putative compensatory mechanisms upon CYCD3;1 overexpression or subsequent cell cycle activation. These results demonstrate that cell cycle exit in the G1-phase is required for normal cellular differentiation processes during plant development and suggest a critical role for CYCD3 in the switch from cell proliferation to the final stages of differentiation.
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