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First published online August 17, 2004; 10.1105/tpc.104.023739

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The Plant Cell 16:2335-2349 (2004)
© 2004 American Society of Plant Biologists

NAPP and PIRP Encode Subunits of a Putative Wave Regulatory Protein Complex Involved in Plant Cell Morphogenesis

Tore Brembu, Per Winge, Martin Seem and Atle M. Bones1

Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway

1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail atle.bones{at}bio.ntnu.no; fax 47-73-59-61-00.

The ARP2/3 complex is an important regulator of actin nucleation and branching in eukaryotic organisms. All seven subunits of the ARP2/3 complex have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana, and mutation of at least three of the subunits results in defects in epidermal cell expansion, including distorted trichomes. However, the mechanisms regulating the activity of the ARP2/3 complex in plants are largely unknown. In mammalian cells, WAVE and WASP proteins are involved in activation of the ARP2/3 complex. WAVE1 activity is regulated by a protein complex containing NAP1/HEM/KETTE/GEX-3 and PIR121/Sra-1/CYFIP/GEX-2. Here, we show that the WAVE1 regulatory protein complex is partly conserved in plants. We have identified Arabidopsis genes encoding homologs of NAP1 (NAPP), PIR121 (PIRP), and HSPC300 (BRK1). T-DNA inactivation of NAPP and PIRP results in distorted trichomes, similar to ARP2/3 complex mutants. The napp-1 mutant is allelic to the distorted mutant gnarled. The actin cytoskeleton in napp-1 and pirp-1 mutants shows orientation defects and increased bundling compared with wild-type plants. The results presented show that activity of the ARP2/3 complex in plants is regulated through an evolutionarily conserved mechanism.




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