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THE PLANT CELL, Vol 9, Issue 5 675-688, Copyright © 1997 by American Society of Plant Biologists
Regulation of Photomorphogenesis by Expression of Mammalian Biliverdin Reductase in Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants
D. M. Lagarias, M. W. Crepeau, M. D. Maines and J. C. Lagarias
Section of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California 95616
The photoregulatory activity of the phytochrome photoreceptor requires the
synthesis and covalent attachment of the linear tetrapyrrole prosthetic
group phytochromobilin. Because the mammalian enzyme biliverdin IX[alpha]
reductase (BVR) is able to functionally inactivate phytochromobilin in
vitro, this investigation was undertaken to determine whether BVR
expression in transgenic plants would prevent the synthesis of functionally
active phytochrome in vivo. Here, we show that plastid-targeted,
constitutive expression of BVR in Arabidopsis yields plants that display
aberrant photomorphogenesis throughout their life cycle. Photobiological
and biochemical analyses of three transgenic BVR lines exhibiting a 25-fold
range of BVR expression established that the BVR-dependent phenotypes are
light dependent, pleiotropic, and consonant with the loss of multiple
phytochrome activities. Chlorophyll accumulation in BVR-expressing
transgenic plants was particularly sensitive to increased light fluence
rates, which is consistent with an important role for phytochrome in light
tolerance. Under blue light, transgenic BVR plants displayed elongated
hypocotyls but retained phototropic behavior and the ability to fully
deetiolate. Directed BVR expression may prove to be useful for probing the
cellular and developmental basis of phytochrome-mediated responses and for
selective control of individual aspects of light-mediated plant growth and
development.
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