Plant Cell Advance Online Publication Published on October 11, 2002; 10.1105/tpc.003335
Received April 4, 2002
Accepted August 14, 2002
Disruption of a Guard Cell-Expressed Protein Phosphatase 2A Regulatory Subunit,
RCN1, Confers Abscisic Acid Insensitivity in Arabidopsis
June M. Kwak 1, Ji-Hye Moon 1, Yoshiyuki Murata 1, Kazuyuki Kuchitsu 1, Nathalie Leonhardt 1, Alison DeLong 2, and Julian I. Schroeder 1*
1
Cell and Developmental Biology Section, Division of Biology and Center for Molecular
Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0116
2
Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University,
Providence, Rhode Island 02912
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: julian{at}biomail.ucsd.edu.
Pharmacological studies have led to a model in which the phytohormone abscisic acid
(ABA) may be positively transduced via protein phosphatases of the type 1 (PP1) or
type 2A (PP2A) families. However, pharmacological evidence also exists that PP1s
or PP2As may function as negative regulators of ABA signaling. Furthermore, recessive
disruption mutants in protein phosphatases that function in ABA signal transduction
have not yet been identified. A guard cell-expressed PP2A gene, RCN1
, which had been characterized previously as a molecular component affecting auxin
transport and gravity response, was isolated. A T-DNA disruption mutation in
RCN1 confers recessive ABA insensitivity to Arabidopsis. The rcn1 mutation
impairs ABA-induced stomatal closing and ABA activation of slow anion channels. Calcium
imaging analyses show a reduced sensitivity of ABA-induced cytosolic calcium increases
in rcn1, whereas mechanisms downstream of cytosolic calcium increases show
wild-type responses, suggesting that RCN1 functions in ABA signal transduction upstream
of cytosolic Ca2+ increases. Furthermore, rcn1 shows ABA insensitivity
in ABA inhibition of seed germination and ABA-induced gene expression. The PP1 and
PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid phenocopies the rcn1 phenotype in wild-type
plants both in ABA-induced cytosolic calcium increases and in seed germination, and
the wild-type RCN1 genomic DNA complements rcn1 phenotypes. These
data show that RCN1 functions as a general positive transducer of early ABA signaling.
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