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Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on October 24, 2002; 10.1105/tpc.006494

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Received July 18, 2002
Accepted August 6, 2002

A Unique Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase in Arabidopsis Glucose Signaling and Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis and Functions

Wan-Hsing Cheng 1, Akira Endo 2, Li Zhou 3, Jessica Penney 3, Huei-Chi Chen 3, Analilia Arroyo 4, Patricia Leon 4, Eiji Nambara 5, Tadao Asami 6, Mitsunori Seo 7, Tomokazu Koshiba 2, and Jen Sheen 3*

1 Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
2 Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
3 Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
4 Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62271, Mexico
5 Plant Science Center, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
6 Plant Functions Laboratory, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
7 Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; Plant Science Center, RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sheen{at}molbio.mgh.harvard.edu.

Glc has hormone-like functions and controls many vital processes through mostly unknown mechanisms in plants. We report here on the molecular cloning of GLUCOSE INSENSITIVE1 (GIN1) and ABSCISIC ACID DEFICIENT2 (ABA2) which encodes a unique Arabidopsis short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR1) that functions as a molecular link between nutrient signaling and plant hormone biosynthesis. SDR1 is related to SDR superfamily members involved in retinoid and steroid hormone biosynthesis in mammals and sex determination in maize. Glc antagonizes ethylene signaling by activating ABA2/GIN1 and other abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling genes, which requires Glc and ABA synergistically. Analyses of aba2/gin1 null mutants define dual functions of endogenous ABA in inhibiting the postgermination developmental switch modulated by distinct Glc and osmotic signals and in promoting organ and body size and fertility in the absence of severe stress. SDR1 is sufficient for the multistep conversion of plastid- and carotenoid-derived xanthoxin to abscisic aldehyde in the cytosol. The surprisingly restricted spatial and temporal expression of SDR1 suggests the dynamic mobilization of ABA precursors and/or ABA.






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