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Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on December 19, 2002; 10.1105/tpc.006973

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Received August 7, 2002
Accepted October 13, 2002

LEAFY COTYLEDON1-LIKE Defines a Class of Regulators Essential for Embryo Development

Raymond W. Kwong 1, Anhthu Q. Bui 2, Hyeseung Lee 1, Linda W. Kwong 3, Robert L. Fischer 4, Robert B. Goldberg 2, and John J. Harada 1*

1 Section of Plant Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, California 95616; Graduate Group in Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
2 Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024-1606
3 Section of Plant Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, California 95616
4 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jjharada{at}ucdavis.edu.

Arabidopsis LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1) is a critical regulator required for normal development during the early and late phases of embryogenesis that is sufficient to induce embryonic development in vegetative cells. LEC1 encodes a HAP3 subunit of the CCAAT binding transcription factor. We show that the 10 Arabidopsis HAP3 (AHAP3) subunits can be divided into two classes based on sequence identity in their central, conserved B domain. LEC1 and its most closely related subunit, LEC1-LIKE (L1L), constitute LEC1-type AHAP3 subunits, whereas the remaining AHAP3 subunits are designated non-LEC1-type. Similar to LEC1, L1L is expressed primarily during seed development. However, suppression of L1L gene expression induced defects in embryo development that differed from those of lec1 mutants, suggesting that LEC1 and L1L play unique roles in embryogenesis. We show that L1L expressed under the control of DNA sequences flanking the LEC1 gene suppressed genetically the lec1 mutation, suggesting that the LEC1-type B domains of L1L and LEC1 are critical for their function in embryogenesis. Our results also suggest that LEC1-type HAP3 subunits arose from a common origin uniquely in plants. Thus, L1L, an essential regulator of embryo development, defines a unique class of plant HAP3 subunits.






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