Plant Cell Huazhong Agricultural University
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on March 28, 2003; 10.1105/tpc.009506

This Article
Right arrow Full Text - TPC Advance Online Pub. (PDF)
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
15/5/1159    most recent
tpc.009506v1
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via CrossRef
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Ratcliffe, O. J.
Right arrow Articles by Riechmann, J. L.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Ratcliffe, O. J.
Right arrow Articles by Riechmann, J. L.
Agricola
Right arrow Articles by Ratcliffe, O. J.
Right arrow Articles by Riechmann, J. L.

Received December 3, 2002
Accepted February 17, 2003

Analysis of the Arabidopsis MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING Gene Family: MAF2 Prevents Vernalization by Short Periods of Cold

Oliver J. Ratcliffe 1*, Roderick W. Kumimoto 1, Becky J. Wong 1, and José Luis Riechmann 1

1 Mendel Biotechnology, Inc., Hayward, California 94545

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: oratclif{at}mendelbio.com.

The Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) gene is a key floral repressor in the maintenance of a vernalization response. In vernalization-sensitive genetic backgrounds, FLC levels are high, and they decline after exposure to long cold periods. Four FLC paralogs (MAF2 [MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING2 ] to MAF5) are arranged in a tandem array on the bottom of Arabidopsis chromosome V. We used a reverse genetics approach to analyze their functions. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies indicate that MAF2 acts as a floral repressor. In particular, maf2 mutant plants display a pronounced vernalization response when subjected to relatively short cold periods, which are insufficient to elicit a strong flowering response in the wild type, despite producing a large reduction in FLC levels. MAF2 expression is less sensitive to vernalization than that of FLC, and its repressor activity is exerted independently or downstream of FLC transcription. Thus, MAF2 can prevent premature vernalization in response to brief cold spells. Overexpression of MAF3 or MAF4 produces alterations in flowering time that suggest that these genes also act as floral repressors and might contribute to the maintenance of a vernalization requirement. However, the final gene in the cluster, MAF5, is upregulated by vernalization. Therefore, MAF5 could play an opposite role to FLC in the vernalization response.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Plant Physiol.Home page
A. Berr, L. Xu, J. Gao, V. Cognat, A. Steinmetz, A. Dong, and W.-H. Shen
SET DOMAIN GROUP25 Encodes a Histone Methyltransferase and Is Involved in FLOWERING LOCUS C Activation and Repression of Flowering
Plant Physiology, November 1, 2009; 151(3): 1476 - 1485.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
Y. Tamada, J.-Y. Yun, S. c. Woo, and R. M. Amasino
ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX-RELATED7 Is Required for Methylation of Lysine 4 of Histone H3 and for Transcriptional Activation of FLOWERING LOCUS C
PLANT CELL, October 1, 2009; 21(10): 3257 - 3269.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol PlantHome page
Y. He
Control of the Transition to Flowering by Chromatin Modifications
Mol Plant, July 1, 2009; 2(4): 554 - 564.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol PlantHome page
R. March-Diaz and J. C. Reyes
The Beauty of Being a Variant: H2A.Z and the SWR1 Complex in Plants
Mol Plant, July 1, 2009; 2(4): 565 - 577.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol PlantHome page
L. Song, X.-Y. Zhou, L. Li, L.-J. Xue, X. Yang, and H.-W. Xue
Genome-Wide Analysis Revealed the Complex Regulatory Network of Brassinosteroid Effects in Photomorphogenesis
Mol Plant, July 1, 2009; 2(4): 755 - 772.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
D. Jiang, X. Gu, and Y. He
Establishment of the Winter-Annual Growth Habit via FRIGIDA-Mediated Histone Methylation at FLOWERING LOCUS C in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL, June 1, 2009; 21(6): 1733 - 1746.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
H.-R. Song, J.-D. Song, J.-N. Cho, R. M. Amasino, B. Noh, and Y.-S. Noh
The RNA Binding Protein ELF9 Directly Reduces SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO1 Transcript Levels in Arabidopsis, Possibly via Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay
PLANT CELL, April 1, 2009; 21(4): 1195 - 1211.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
R. Dhawan, H. Luo, A. M. Foerster, S. AbuQamar, H.-N. Du, S. D. Briggs, O. M. Scheid, and T. Mengiste
HISTONE MONOUBIQUITINATION1 Interacts with a Subunit of the Mediator Complex and Regulates Defense against Necrotrophic Fungal Pathogens in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL, March 1, 2009; 21(3): 1000 - 1019.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol Biol EvolHome page
A. L. Caicedo, C. Richards, I. M. Ehrenreich, and M. D. Purugganan
Complex Rearrangements Lead to Novel Chimeric Gene Fusion Polymorphisms at the Arabidopsis thaliana MAF2-5 Flowering Time Gene Cluster
Mol. Biol. Evol., March 1, 2009; 26(3): 699 - 711.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Physiol.Home page
J. Diaz-Riquelme, D. Lijavetzky, J. M. Martinez-Zapater, and M. J. Carmona
Genome-Wide Analysis of MIKCC-Type MADS Box Genes in Grapevine
Plant Physiology, January 1, 2009; 149(1): 354 - 369.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Cell PhysiolHome page
M. Robertson, C. A. Helliwell, and E. S. Dennis
Post-Translational Modifications of the Endogenous and Transgenic FLC Protein in Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant Cell Physiol., December 1, 2008; 49(12): 1859 - 1866.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Physiol.Home page
A. C. Wollenberg, B. Strasser, P. D. Cerdan, and R. M. Amasino
Acceleration of Flowering during Shade Avoidance in Arabidopsis Alters the Balance between FLOWERING LOCUS C-Mediated Repression and Photoperiodic Induction of Flowering
Plant Physiology, November 1, 2008; 148(3): 1681 - 1694.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
Y. Cao, Y. Dai, S. Cui, and L. Ma
Histone H2B Monoubiquitination in the Chromatin of FLOWERING LOCUS C Regulates Flowering Time in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL, October 1, 2008; 20(10): 2586 - 2602.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Physiol.Home page
L. Niu, Y. Zhang, Y. Pei, C. Liu, and X. Cao
Redundant Requirement for a Pair of PROTEIN ARGININE METHYLTRANSFERASE4 Homologs for the Proper Regulation of Arabidopsis Flowering Time
Plant Physiology, September 1, 2008; 148(1): 490 - 503.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Exp BotHome page
C. M. Alexandre and L. Hennig
FLC or not FLC: the other side of vernalization
J. Exp. Bot., April 4, 2008; (2008) ern070v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Exp BotHome page
A. Lazaro, A. Gomez-Zambrano, L. Lopez-Gonzalez, M. Pineiro, and J. A. Jarillo
Mutations in the Arabidopsis SWC6 gene, encoding a component of the SWR1 chromatin remodelling complex, accelerate flowering time and alter leaf and flower development
J. Exp. Bot., February 21, 2008; (2008) erm332v1.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Cell. Biol.Home page
L. Xu, Z. Zhao, A. Dong, L. Soubigou-Taconnat, J.-P. Renou, A. Steinmetz, and W.-H. Shen
Di- and Tri- but Not Monomethylation on Histone H3 Lysine 36 Marks Active Transcription of Genes Involved in Flowering Time Regulation and Other Processes in Arabidopsis thaliana
Mol. Cell. Biol., February 15, 2008; 28(4): 1348 - 1360.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
C. C. Sheldon, M. J. Hills, C. Lister, C. Dean, E. S. Dennis, and W. J. Peacock
Resetting of FLOWERING LOCUS C expression after epigenetic repression by vernalization
PNAS, February 12, 2008; 105(6): 2214 - 2219.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Exp BotHome page
K. Wu, L. Zhang, C. Zhou, C.-W. Yu, and V. Chaikam
HDA6 is required for jasmonate response, senescence and flowering in Arabidopsis
J. Exp. Bot., February 1, 2008; 59(2): 225 - 234.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Cell PhysiolHome page
C. R. Andersson, C. A. Helliwell, D. J. Bagnall, T. P. Hughes, E. J. Finnegan, W. J. Peacock, and E. S. Dennis
The FLX Gene of Arabidopsis is Required for FRI-Dependent Activation of FLC Expression
Plant Cell Physiol., February 1, 2008; 49(2): 191 - 200.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
R. J. Schmitz, S. Sung, and R. M. Amasino
Inaugural Article: Histone arginine methylation is required for vernalization-induced epigenetic silencing of FLC in winter-annual Arabidopsis thaliana
PNAS, January 15, 2008; 105(2): 411 - 416.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 GeneticsHome page
P. A. Reeves, Y. He, R. J. Schmitz, R. M. Amasino, L. W. Panella, and C. M. Richards
Evolutionary Conservation of the FLOWERING LOCUS C-Mediated Vernalization Response: Evidence From the Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris)
Genetics, May 1, 2007; 176(1): 295 - 307.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
X. M. Xu, A. Rose, S. Muthuswamy, S. Y. Jeong, S. Venkatakrishnan, Q. Zhao, and I. Meier
NUCLEAR PORE ANCHOR, the Arabidopsis Homolog of Tpr/Mlp1/Mlp2/Megator, Is Involved in mRNA Export and SUMO Homeostasis and Affects Diverse Aspects of Plant Development
PLANT CELL, May 1, 2007; 19(5): 1537 - 1548.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Physiol.Home page
W. Deng, C. Liu, Y. Pei, X. Deng, L. Niu, and X. Cao
Involvement of the Histone Acetyltransferase AtHAC1 in the Regulation of Flowering Time via Repression of FLOWERING LOCUS C in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology, April 1, 2007; 143(4): 1660 - 1668.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Physiol.Home page
R. March-Diaz, M. Garcia-Dominguez, F. J. Florencio, and J. C. Reyes
SEF, a New Protein Required for Flowering Repression in Arabidopsis, Interacts with PIE1 and ARP6
Plant Physiology, February 1, 2007; 143(2): 893 - 901.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
R. B. Deal, C. N. Topp, E. C. McKinney, and R. B. Meagher
Repression of Flowering in Arabidopsis Requires Activation of FLOWERING LOCUS C Expression by the Histone Variant H2A.Z
PLANT CELL, January 1, 2007; 19(1): 74 - 83.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Genes Dev.Home page
S. Sung, R. J. Schmitz, and R. M. Amasino
A PHD finger protein involved in both the vernalization and photoperiod pathways in Arabidopsis
Genes & Dev., December 1, 2006; 20(23): 3244 - 3248.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Physiol.Home page
M. R. Schlappi
FRIGIDA LIKE 2 Is a Functional Allele in Landsberg erecta and Compensates for a Nonsense Allele of FRIGIDA LIKE 1
Plant Physiology, December 1, 2006; 142(4): 1728 - 1738.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
S. Kim, K. Choi, C. Park, H.-J. Hwang, and I. Lee
SUPPRESSOR OF FRIGIDA4, Encoding a C2H2-Type Zinc Finger Protein, Represses Flowering by Transcriptional Activation of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS C
PLANT CELL, November 1, 2006; 18(11): 2985 - 2998.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Cell PhysiolHome page
T. Shimada, Y. Koumoto, L. Li, M. Yamazaki, M. Kondo, M. Nishimura, and I. Hara-Nishimura
AtVPS29, a Putative Component of a Retromer Complex, is Required for the Efficient Sorting of Seed Storage Proteins
Plant Cell Physiol., September 1, 2006; 47(9): 1187 - 1194.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
R. Schwab, S. Ossowski, M. Riester, N. Warthmann, and D. Weigel
Highly Specific Gene Silencing by Artificial MicroRNAs in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL, May 1, 2006; 18(5): 1121 - 1133.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DevelopmentHome page
M. Martin-Trillo, A. Lazaro, R. S. Poethig, C. Gomez-Mena, M. A. Pineiro, J. M. Martinez-Zapater, and J. A. Jarillo
EARLY IN SHORT DAYS 1 (ESD1) encodes ACTIN-RELATED PROTEIN 6 (AtARP6), a putative component of chromatin remodelling complexes that positively regulates FLC accumulation in Arabidopsis
Development, April 1, 2006; 133(7): 1241 - 1252.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Cell PhysiolHome page
H. Ueda, C. Nishiyama, T. Shimada, Y. Koumoto, Y. Hayashi, M. Kondo, T. Takahashi, I. Ohtomo, M. Nishimura, and I. Hara-Nishimura
AtVAM3 is Required for Normal Specification of Idioblasts, Myrosin Cells
Plant Cell Physiol., January 1, 2006; 47(1): 164 - 175.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
S. Y. Kim, Y. He, Y. Jacob, Y.-S. Noh, S. Michaels, and R. Amasino
Establishment of the Vernalization-Responsive, Winter-Annual Habit in Arabidopsis Requires a Putative Histone H3 Methyl Transferase
PLANT CELL, December 1, 2005; 17(12): 3301 - 3310.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
R. B. Deal, M. K. Kandasamy, E. C. McKinney, and R. B. Meagher
The Nuclear Actin-Related Protein ARP6 Is a Pleiotropic Developmental Regulator Required for the Maintenance of FLOWERING LOCUS C Expression and Repression of Flowering in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL, October 1, 2005; 17(10): 2633 - 2646.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
K. Choi, S. Kim, S. Y. Kim, M. Kim, Y. Hyun, H. Lee, S. Choe, S.-G. Kim, S. Michaels, and I. Lee
SUPPRESSOR OF FRIGIDA3 Encodes a Nuclear ACTIN-RELATED PROTEIN6 Required for Floral Repression in Arabidopsis
PLANT CELL, October 1, 2005; 17(10): 2647 - 2660.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
J. D. Werner, J. O. Borevitz, N. Warthmann, G. T. Trainer, J. R. Ecker, J. Chory, and D. Weigel
Quantitative trait locus mapping and DNA array hybridization identify an FLM deletion as a cause for natural flowering-time variation
PNAS, February 15, 2005; 102(7): 2460 - 2465.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Genes Dev.Home page
Y. He, M. R. Doyle, and R. M. Amasino
PAF1-complex-mediated histone methylation of FLOWERING LOCUS C chromatin is required for the vernalization-responsive, winter-annual habit in Arabidopsis
Genes & Dev., November 15, 2004; 18(22): 2774 - 2784.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ANN BOT (LOND)Home page
D. B. FOWLER and A. E. LIMIN
Interactions among Factors Regulating Phenological Development and Acclimation Rate Determine Low-temperature Tolerance in Wheat
Ann. Bot., November 1, 2004; 94(5): 717 - 724.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
S. Oh, H. Zhang, P. Ludwig, and S. van Nocker
A Mechanism Related to the Yeast Transcriptional Regulator Paf1c Is Required for Expression of the Arabidopsis FLC/MAF MADS Box Gene Family
PLANT CELL, November 1, 2004; 16(11): 2940 - 2953.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
B. Noh, S.-H. Lee, H.-J. Kim, G. Yi, E.-A. Shin, M. Lee, K.-J. Jung, M. R. Doyle, R. M. Amasino, and Y.-S. Noh
Divergent Roles of a Pair of Homologous Jumonji/Zinc-Finger-Class Transcription Factor Proteins in the Regulation of Arabidopsis Flowering Time
PLANT CELL, October 1, 2004; 16(10): 2601 - 2613.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J HeredHome page
D. G. Bielenberg, Y. Wang, S. Fan, G. L. Reighard, R. Scorza, and A. G. Abbott
A Deletion Affecting Several Gene Candidates is Present in the Evergrowing Peach Mutant
J. Hered., September 1, 2004; 95(5): 436 - 444.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DevelopmentHome page
I. R. Henderson and C. Dean
Control of Arabidopsis flowering: the chill before the bloom
Development, August 15, 2004; 131(16): 3829 - 3838.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
S. Ferrario, J. Busscher, J. Franken, T. Gerats, M. Vandenbussche, G. C. Angenent, and R. G.H. Immink
Ectopic Expression of the Petunia MADS Box Gene UNSHAVEN Accelerates Flowering and Confers Leaf-Like Characteristics to Floral Organs in a Dominant-Negative Manner
PLANT CELL, June 1, 2004; 16(6): 1490 - 1505.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
R. Matsushima, Y. Fukao, M. Nishimura, and I. Hara-Nishimura
NAI1 Gene Encodes a Basic-Helix-Loop-Helix-Type Putative Transcription Factor That Regulates the Formation of an Endoplasmic Reticulum-Derived Structure, the ER Body
PLANT CELL, June 1, 2004; 16(6): 1536 - 1549.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant CellHome page
P. K. Boss, R. M. Bastow, J. S. Mylne, and C. Dean
Multiple Pathways in the Decision to Flower: Enabling, Promoting, and Resetting
PLANT CELL, June 1, 2004; 16(suppl_1): S18 - S31.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Physiol.Home page
S. Pouteau, V. Ferret, V. Gaudin, D. Lefebvre, M. Sabar, G. Zhao, and F. Prunus
Extensive Phenotypic Variation in Early Flowering Mutants of Arabidopsis
Plant Physiology, May 1, 2004; 135(1): 201 - 211.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Plant Cell PhysiolHome page
K. Murai, M. Miyamae, H. Kato, S. Takumi, and Y. Ogihara
WAP1, a Wheat APETALA1 Homolog, Plays a Central Role in the Phase Transition from Vegetative to Reproductive Growth
Plant Cell Physiol., December 15, 2003; 44(12): 1255 - 1265.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
L. P. Martinez-Castilla and E. R. Alvarez-Buylla
Adaptive evolution in the Arabidopsis MADS-box gene family inferred from its complete resolved phylogeny
PNAS, November 11, 2003; 100(23): 13407 - 13412.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH
ASPB Publications THE PLANT CELL PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
Copyright © 2003 by the American Society of Plant Biologists