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Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on June 5, 2003; 10.1105/tpc.009837

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Received December 12, 2002
Accepted April 23, 2003

The MUR3 Gene of Arabidopsis Encodes a Xyloglucan Galactosyltransferase That Is Evolutionarily Related to Animal Exostosins

Michael Madson 1, Christophe Dunand 2, Xuemei Li 2, Rajeev Verma 2, Gary F. Vanzin 2, Jeffrey Caplan 2, Douglas A. Shoue 1, Nicholas C. Carpita 1, and Wolf-Dieter Reiter 2*

1 Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1155
2 Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: wdreiter{at}uconnvm.uconn.edu.

Xyloglucans are the principal glycans that interlace cellulose microfibrils in most flowering plants. The mur3 mutant of Arabidopsis contains a severely altered structure of this polysaccharide because of the absence of a conserved {alpha}-l-fucosyl-(1->2)-{beta}-d-galactosyl side chain and excessive galactosylation at an alternative xylose residue. Despite this severe structural alteration, mur3 plants were phenotypically normal and exhibited tensile strength in their inflorescence stems comparable to that of wild-type plants. The MUR3 gene was cloned positionally and shown to encode a xyloglucan galactosyltransferase that acts specifically on the third xylose residue within the XXXG core structure of xyloglucan. MUR3 belongs to a large family of type-II membrane proteins that is evolutionarily conserved among higher plants. The enzyme shows sequence similarities to the glucuronosyltransferase domain of exostosins, a class of animal glycosyltransferases that catalyze the synthesis of heparan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan with numerous roles in cell differentiation and development. This finding suggests that components of the plant cell wall and of the animal extracellular matrix are synthesized by evolutionarily related enzymes even though the structures of the corresponding polysaccharides are entirely different from each other.




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