Plant Cell Advance Online Publication Published on April 29, 2002; 10.1105/tpc.010475
Received October 30, 2001
Accepted February 11, 2002
Photoexcited Structure of a Plant Photoreceptor Domain Reveals a Light-Driven Molecular
Switch
Sean Crosson 1 and Keith Moffat 2*
1
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago,
Illinois 60637
2
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago,
Illinois 60637; Consortium for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago,
Chicago, Illinois 60637; Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago,
Chicago, Illinois 60637
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: moffat{at}cars.uchicago.edu.
The phototropins are flavoprotein kinases that control phototropic bending, light-induced
chloroplast movement, and stomatal opening in plants. Two flavin mononucleotide binding
light, oxygen, or voltage (LOV) domains are the sites for initial photochemistry
in these blue light photoreceptors. We have determined the steady state, photoexcited
crystal structure of a flavin-bound LOV domain. The structure reveals a unique photochemical
switch in the flavin binding pocket in which the absorption of light drives the formation
of a reversible covalent bond between a highly conserved Cys residue and the flavin
cofactor. This provides a molecular picture of a cysteinyl-flavin covalent adduct,
the presumed signaling species that leads to phototropin kinase activation and subsequent
signal transduction. We identify closely related LOV domains in two eubacterial proteins
that suggests the light-induced conformational change evident in this structure is
an ancient biomolecular response to light, arising before the appearance of plants.
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