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Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on April 11, 2003; 10.1105/tpc.011015

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Received February 3, 2003
Accepted March 9, 2003

(E)-{beta}-Ocimene and Myrcene Synthase Genes of Floral Scent Biosynthesis in Snapdragon: Function and Expression of Three Terpene Synthase Genes of a New Terpene Synthase Subfamily

Natalia Dudareva 1*, Diane Martin 2, Christine M. Kish 1, Natalia Kolosova 1, Nina Gorenstein 1, Jenny Fäldt 2, Barbara Miller 2, and Jörg Bohlmann 2

1 Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
2 Biotechnology Laboratory and Departments of Botany and Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z3

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dudareva{at}hort.purdue.edu.

Snapdragon flowers emit two monoterpene olefins, myrcene and (E)-{beta}-ocimene, derived from geranyl diphosphate, in ad-dition to a major phenylpropanoid floral scent component, methylbenzoate. Emission of these monoterpenes is regulated developmentally and follows diurnal rhythms controlled by a circadian clock. Using a functional genomics approach, we have isolated and characterized three closely related cDNAs from a snapdragon petal-specific library that encode two myrcene synthases (ama1e20 and ama0c15) and an (E)-{beta}-ocimene synthase (ama0a23). Although the two myrcene synthases are almost identical (98%), except for the N-terminal 13 amino acids, and are catalytically active, yielding a single monoterpene product, myrcene, only ama0c15 is expressed at a high level in flowers and contributes to floral myrcene emission. (E)-{beta}-Ocimene synthase is highly similar to snapdragon myrcene synthases (92% amino acid identity) and produces predominantly (E)-{beta}-ocimene (97% of total monoterpene olefin product) with small amounts of (Z)-{beta}-ocimene and myrcene. These newly isolated snapdragon monoterpene synthases, together with Arabidopsis AtTPS14 (At1g61680), define a new subfamily of the terpene synthase (TPS) family designated the Tps-g group. Members of this new Tps-g group lack the RRx8W motif, which is a characteristic feature of the Tps-d and Tps-b monoterpene synthases, suggesting that the reaction mechanism of Tps-g monoterpene synthase product formation does not proceed via an RR-dependent isomerization of geranyl diphosphate to 3S-linalyl diphosphate, as shown previously for limonene cyclase. Analyses of tissue-specific, developmental, and rhythmic expression of these monoterpene synthase genes in snapdragon flowers revealed coordinated regulation of phenylpropanoid and isoprenoid scent production.




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