Plant Cell Advance Online Publication Published on June 13, 2003; 10.1105/tpc.011742
Received March 9, 2003
Accepted May 13, 2003
Sexual and Apomictic Reproduction in Hieracium subgenus Pilosella
Are Closely Interrelated Developmental Pathways
Matthew R. Tucker 1, Ana-Claudia G. Araujo 2, Nicholas A. Paech 1, Valerie Hecht 3, Ed D. L. Schmidt 3, Jan-Bart Rossell 4, Sacco C. de Vries 3, and Anna M. G. Koltunow 4*
1
Department of Plant Science, Waite Campus, Adelaide University, Glen Osmond, South
Australia 5064, Australia; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization
Plant Industry, Horticultural Research Unit, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
2
Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (Cenargen), 70770-900 Brasilia, Brazil
3
Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, 6703HA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
4
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Plant Industry, Horticultural
Research Unit, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: anna.koltunow{at}csiro.au.
Seed formation in flowering plants requires meiosis of the megaspore mother cell
(MMC) inside the ovule, selection of a megaspore that undergoes mitosis to form an
embryo sac, and double fertilization to initiate embryo and endosperm formation.
During apomixis, or asexual seed formation, in Hieracium ovules, a somatic
aposporous initial (AI) cell divides to form a structurally variable aposporous embryo
sac and embryo. This entire process, including endosperm development, is fertilization
independent. Introduction of reproductive tissue marker genes into sexual and apomictic
Hieracium showed that AI cells do not express a MMC marker. Spatial and
temporal gene expression patterns of other introduced genes were conserved commencing
with the first nuclear division of the AI cell in apomicts and the mitotic initiation
of embryo sac formation in sexual plants. Conservation in expression patterns also
occurred during embryo and endosperm development, indicating that sexuality and apomixis
are interrelated pathways that share regulatory components. The induction of a modified
sexual reproduction program in AI cells may enable the manifestation of apomixis
in Hieracium.
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