Plant Cell Advance Online Publication Published on August 14, 2003; 10.1105/tpc.014183
Received May 29, 2003
Accepted July 12, 2003
Transcript Profiling Coupled with Spatial Expression Analyses Reveals Genes Involved
in Distinct Developmental Stages of an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis
Jinyuan Liu 1, Laura A. Blaylock 1, Gabriella Endre 2, Jennifer Cho 3, Christopher D. Town 3, Kathryn A. VandenBosch 2, and Maria J. Harrison 1*
1
Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, New York 14853
2
Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
3
The Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mjh78{at}cornell.edu.
The formation of symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is
a phenomenon common to the majority of vascular flowering plants. Here, we used cDNA
arrays to examine transcript profiles in Medicago truncatula roots during
the development of an AM symbiosis with Glomus versiforme and during growth
under differing phosphorus nutrient regimes. Three percent of the genes examined
showed significant changes in transcript levels during the development of the symbiosis.
Most genes showing increased transcript levels in mycorrhizal roots showed no changes
in response to high phosphorus, suggesting that alterations in transcript levels
during symbiosis were a consequence of the AM fungus rather than a secondary effect
of improved phosphorus nutrition. Among the mycorrhiza-induced genes, two distinct
temporal expression patterns were evident. Members of one group showed an increase
in transcripts during the initial period of contact between the symbionts and a subsequent
decrease as the symbiosis developed. Defense- and stress-response genes were a significant
component of this group. Genes in the second group showed a sustained increase in
transcript levels that correlated with the colonization of the root system. The latter
group contained a significant proportion of new genes similar to components of signal
transduction pathways, suggesting that novel signaling pathways are activated during
the development of the symbiosis. Analysis of the spatial expression patterns of
two mycorrhiza-induced genes revealed distinct expression patterns consistent with
the hypothesis that gene expression in mycorrhizal roots is signaled by both cell-autonomous
and cell-nonautonomous signals.
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