Plant Cell Advance Online Publication Published on October 10, 2003; 10.1105/tpc.016097
Received August 6, 2003
Accepted September 12, 2003
An Arabidopsis Callose Synthase, GSL5, Is Required for Wound and Papillary Callose
Formation
Andrew K. Jacobs 1, Volker Lipka 2, Rachel A. Burton 3, Ralph Panstruga 2, Nicolai Strizhov 4, Paul Schulze-Lefert 2*, and Geoffrey B. Fincher 3
1
Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus,
Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia; Department of Plant Microbe Interactions,
Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, D-50892 Cologne, Germany
2
Department of Plant Microbe Interactions, Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding
Research, D-50892 Cologne, Germany
3
Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus,
Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
4
Max-Planck-Unit for Structural Molecular Biology, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: schlef{at}mpiz-koeln.mpg.de.
Arabidopsis was transformed with double-stranded RNA interference (dsRNAi) constructs
designed to silence three putative callose synthase genes: GLUCAN SYNTHASE-LIKE5
(GSL5), GSL6, and GSL11. Both wound callose and
papillary callose were absent in lines transformed with GSL5 dsRNAi and
in a corresponding sequence-indexed GSL5 T-DNA insertion line but were unaffected
in GSL6 and GSL11 dsRNAi lines. These data provide strong genetic
evidence that the GSL genes of higher plants encode proteins that are essential
for callose formation. Deposition of callosic plugs, or papillae, at sites of fungal
penetration is a widely recognized early response of host plants to microbial attack
and has been implicated in impeding entry of the fungus. Depletion of callose from
papillae in gsl5 plants marginally enhanced the penetration of the grass
powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis on the nonhost Arabidopsis. Paradoxically,
the absence of callose in papillae or haustorial complexes correlated with the effective
growth cessation of several normally virulent powdery mildew species and of Peronospora
parasitica.
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