Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on November 13, 2003; 10.1105/tpc.016428
Received August 18, 2003
Accepted September 18, 2003
CHLOROPLAST UNUSUAL POSITIONING1 Is Essential for Proper Chloroplast Positioning
Kazusato Oikawa 1, Masahiro Kasahara 2, Tomohiro Kiyosue 2, Takatoshi Kagawa 3, Noriyuki Suetsugu 1, Fumio Takahashi 1, Takeshi Kanegae 4, Yasuo Niwa 5, Akeo Kadota 4, and Masamitsu Wada 1*
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Graduate School of Tokyo Metropolitan
University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; National Institute for Basic Biology,
Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
2
National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
3
National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Solution
Oriented Research for Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation,
Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
4
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Graduate School of Tokyo Metropolitan
University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
5
Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental
Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: wada-masamitsu{at}c.metro-u.ac.jp.
The intracellular distribution of organelles is a crucial aspect of effective cell
function. Chloroplasts change their intracellular positions to optimize photosynthetic
activity in response to ambient light conditions. Through screening of mutants of
Arabidopsis defective in chloroplast photorelocation movement, we isolated six mutant
clones in which chloroplasts gathered at the bottom of the cells and did not distribute
throughout cells. These mutants, termed chloroplast unusual positioning
(chup), were shown to belong to a single genetic locus by complementation
tests. Observation of the positioning of other organelles, such as mitochondria,
peroxisomes, and nuclei, revealed that chloroplast positioning and movement are impaired
specifically in this mutant, although peroxisomes are distributed along with chloroplasts.
The CHUP1 gene encodes a novel protein containing multiple domains, including
a coiled-coil domain, an actin binding domain, a Pro-rich region, and two Leu zipper
domains. The N-terminal hydrophobic segment of CHUP1 was expressed transiently in
leaf cells of Arabidopsis as a fusion protein with the green fluorescent protein.
The fusion protein was targeted to envelope membranes of chloroplasts in mesophyll
cells, suggesting that CHUP1 may localize in chloroplasts. A glutathione S
-transferase fusion protein containing the actin binding domain of CHUP1 was found
to bind F-actin in vitro. CHUP1 is a unique gene identified that encodes
a protein required for organellar positioning and movement in plant cells.
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