Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on November 20, 2003; 10.1105/tpc.017467
Received September 16, 2003
Accepted September 26, 2003
Changes in 5S rDNA Chromatin Organization and Transcription during Heterochromatin
Establishment in Arabidopsis
Olivier Mathieu 1, Zuzana Jasencakova 2, Isabelle Vaillant 1, Anne-Valérie Gendrel 3, Vincent Colot 3, Ingo Schubert 2, and Sylvette Tourmente 1*
1
Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 6547
BIOMOVE, Université Blaise Pascal, 63177 Aubière Cedex, France
2
Department of Cytogenetics, Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research,
D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
3
Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale, Institut National
de la Recherche Agronomique-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91057
Evry Cedex, France
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: sylvette.tourmente{at}univ-bpclermont.fr.
In the Arabidopsis accession Columbia, 5S rDNA is located in the pericentromeric
heterochromatin of chromosomes 3, 4, and 5. Both a major and some minor 5S rRNA species
are expressed from chromosomes 4 and 5, whereas the genes on chromosome 3 are not
transcribed. Here, we show that 5S rDNA methylation is reduced in 2-day-old seedlings
versus 4-day-old or older aerial plant tissues, and the minor 5S rRNA species are
expressed most abundantly at this stage. Similarly, when 5S rDNA is demethylated
by 5-azacytidine treatment or via the decrease in DNA methylation1 (
ddm1) mutation, the expression of minor 5S rRNA species is increased. We also
show that in leaf nuclei of mature wild-type plants, the transcribed fraction of
5S rDNA forms loops that emanate from chromocenters. These loops, which are enlarged
in nuclei of mature ddm1 plants, are enriched for histone H3 acetylated
at Lys-9 and methylated at Lys-4 compared with the heterochromatic chromocenters.
Up to 4 days after germination, heterochromatin is not fully developed: the 5S rDNA
resides in prechromocenters, does not form conspicuous loops, and shows the lowest
transcription level. Our results indicate that the expression and chromatin organization
of 5S rRNA genes change during heterochromatin establishment.
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