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Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on May 21, 2004; 10.1105/tpc.021568

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Received February 6, 2004
Accepted March 9, 2004

Constitutive Photomorphogenesis 1 and Multiple Photoreceptors Control Degradation of Phytochrome Interacting Factor 3, a Transcription Factor Required for Light Signaling in Arabidopsis

Diana Bauer 1, András Viczián 2, Stefan Kircher 1, Tabea Nobis 1, Roland Nitschke 3, Tim Kunkel 1, Kishore C.S. Panigrahi 1, Éva Ádám 2, Erzsébet Fejes 2, Eberhard Schäfer 1, and Ferenc Nagy 2*

1 Biologie II/Institut für Botanik, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany D-79104
2 Plant Biology Institute, Biological Research Center, Hungary H-6726
3 Biologie I/Institut für Zoologie, Life Imaging Facility, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany D-79104

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: nagyf{at}nucleus.szbk.u-szeged.hu.

Light, in a quality- and quantity-dependent fashion, induces nuclear import of the plant photoreceptors phytochrome, promotes interaction of phytochrome A (phyA) and phyB with transcription factors including phytochrome interacting factor 3 (PIF3), and is thought to trigger a transcriptional cascade to regulate the expression of approximately 2500 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we show that controlled degradation of the transcription factor PIF3 is a major regulatory step in light signaling. We demonstrate that accumulation of PIF3 in the nucleus in dark requires constitutive photomorphogenesis 1 (COP1), a negative regulator of photomorphogenesis, and show that red (R) and far-red light (FR) induce rapid degradation of the PIF3 protein. This process is controlled by the concerted action of the R/FR absorbing phyA, phyB, and phyD photoreceptors, and it is not affected by COP1. Rapid light-induced degradation of PIF3 indicates that interaction of PIF3 with these phytochrome species is transient. In addition, we provide evidence that the poc1 mutant, a postulated PIF3 overexpressor that displays hypersensitivity to R but not to FR, lacks detectable amounts of the PIF3 protein. Thus, we propose that PIF3 acts transiently, and its major function is to mediate phytochrome-induced signaling during the developmental switch from skotomorphogenesis to photomorphogenesis and/or dark to light transitions.




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