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Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on June 18, 2004; 10.1105/tpc.021642

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Received February 8, 2004
Accepted March 30, 2004

Overexpression of GLUTAMINE DUMPER1 Leads to Hypersecretion of Glutamine from Hydathodes of Arabidopsis Leaves

Guillaume Pilot 1, Harald Stransky 2, Dean F. Bushey 3, Réjane Pratelli 4, Uwe Ludewig 2, Vincent P.M. Wingate 3, and Wolf B. Frommer 2*

1 Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Germany; Bayer CropScience, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
2 Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Germany
3 Bayer CropScience, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
4 Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: wfrommer{at}stanford.edu.

Secretion is a fundamental process providing plants with the means for disposal of solutes, improvement of nutrient acquisition, and attraction of other organisms. Specific secretory organs, such as nectaries, hydathodes, and trichomes, use a combination of secretory and retrieval mechanisms, which are poorly understood at present. To study the mechanisms involved, an Arabidopsis thaliana activation tagged mutant, glutamine dumper1 (gdu1), was identified that accumulates salt crystals at the hydathodes. Chemical analysis demonstrated that, in contrast with the amino acid mixture normally present in guttation droplets, the crystals mainly contain Gln. GDU1 was cloned and found to encode a novel 17-kD protein containing a single putative transmembrane span. GDU1 is expressed in the vascular tissues and in hydathodes. Gln content is specifically increased in xylem sap and leaf apoplasm, whereas the content of several amino acids is increased in leaves and phloem sap. Selective secretion of Gln by the leaves may be explained by an enhanced release of this amino acid from cells. GDU1 study may help to shed light on the secretory mechanisms for amino acids in plants.




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