Plant Cell Advance Online Publication Published on July 21, 2004; 10.1105/tpc.104.022236
Received March 3, 2004
Accepted April 22, 2004
Genome-Wide Analysis of Arabidopsis Pentatricopeptide Repeat Proteins Reveals Their Essential Role in Organelle Biogenesis
Claire Lurin 1, Charles Andrés 1, Sébastien Aubourg 1, Mohammed Bellaoui 1, Frédérique Bitton 1, Clémence Bruyère 2, Michel Caboche 1, Cédrig Debast 3, José Gualberto 4, Beate Hoffmann 1, Alain Lecharny 2, Monique Le Ret 4, Marie-Laure Martin-Magniette 5, Hakim Mireau 3, Nemo Peeters 3, Jean-Pierre Renou 1, Boris Szurek 1, Ludivine Taconnat 1, and Ian Small 1*
1 Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne), CP 5708, 91057 Evry Cedex, France
2 Institut de Biotechnologie des Plantes (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Paris-Sud), Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
3 Station de Génétique et Amélioration des Plantes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Versailles, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
4 Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
5 Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne), CP 5708, 91057 Evry Cedex, France; Unité Mixte de Recherche Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon/Ecole Nationale du Génie Rural et des Eaux et Forêts/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Biométrie et Intelligence Artificielle 518, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: small{at}evry.inra.fr.
The complete sequence of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome revealed thousands of previously unsuspected genes, many of which cannot be ascribed even putative functions. One of the largest and most enigmatic gene families discovered in this way is characterized by tandem arrays of pentatricopeptide repeats (PPRs). We describe a detailed bioinformatic analysis of 441 members of the Arabidopsis PPR family plus genomic and genetic data on the expression (microarray data), localization (green fluorescent protein and red fluorescent protein fusions), and general function (insertion mutants and RNA binding assays) of many family members. The basic picture that arises from these studies is that PPR proteins play constitutive, often essential roles in mitochondria and chloroplasts, probably via binding to organellar transcripts. These results confirm, but massively extend, the very sparse observations previously obtained from detailed characterization of individual mutants in other organisms.
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