Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on August 19, 2004; 10.1105/tpc.104.022715
Received March 19, 2004
Accepted June 11, 2004
A Putative Polyketide Synthase/Peptide Synthetase from Magnaporthe grisea Signals Pathogen Attack to Resistant Rice
Heidi U. Böhnert 1, Isabelle Fudal 1, Waly Dioh 1, Didier Tharreau 2, Jean-Loup Notteghem 3, and Marc-Henri Lebrun 1*
1 FRE 2579 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Bayer CropScience, F-69263 Lyon Cedex 09, France
2 CIRAD-CA, F-34398 Montpellier Cedex 05, France
3 ENSA-M, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex 01, France
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: marc-henri.lebrun{at}bayercropscience.com.
Isolates of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea that carry the gene encoding Avirulence Conferring Enzyme1 (ACE1) are specifically recognized by rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars carrying the resistance gene Pi33. This recognition enables resistant plants to activate a defense response. ACE1 was isolated by map-based cloning and encodes a putative hybrid between a polyketide synthase and a nonribosomal peptide synthetase, enzymes involved in microbial secondary metabolism. ACE1 is expressed exclusively during fungal penetration of host leaves, the time point at which plant defense reactions are triggered. Ace1 appears to be localized in the cytoplasm of the appressorium. Mutation of the putative catalytic site of the  -ketoacyl synthase domain of Ace1 abolishes recognition of the fungus by resistant rice. This suggests that Ace1 biosynthetic activity is required for avirulence. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the fungal signal recognized by resistant rice plants is the secondary metabolite whose synthesis depends on Ace1.
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