Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on August 19, 2004; 10.1105/tpc.104.023382
Received April 10, 2004
Accepted June 26, 2004
Interaction-Dependent Gene Expression in Mla-Specified Response to Barley Powdery Mildew
Rico A. Caldo 1, Dan Nettleton 2, and Roger P. Wise 3*
1 Department of Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Responses to Environmental Stresses, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1020
2 Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1210
3 Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-1020
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: rpwise{at}iastate.edu.
Plant recognition of pathogen-derived molecules influences attack and counterattack strategies that affect the outcome of host-microbe interactions. To ascertain the global framework of host gene expression during biotrophic pathogen invasion, we analyzed in parallel the mRNA abundance of 22,792 host genes throughout 36 (genotype x pathogen x time) interactions between barley (Hordeum vulgare) and Blumeria graminis f. sp hordei (Bgh), the causal agent of powdery mildew disease. A split-split-plot design was used to investigate near-isogenic barley lines with introgressed Mla6, Mla13, and Mla1 coiled-coil, nucleotide binding site, Leu-rich repeat resistance alleles challenged with Bgh isolates 5874 (AvrMla6 and AvrMla1) and K1 (AvrMla13 and AvrMla1). A linear mixed model analysis was employed to identify genes with significant differential expression (P value < 0.0001) in incompatible and compatible barley-Bgh interactions across six time points after pathogen challenge. Twenty-two host genes, of which five were of unknown function, exhibited highly similar patterns of upregulation among all incompatible and compatible interactions up to 16 h after inoculation (hai), coinciding with germination of Bgh conidiospores and formation of appressoria. By contrast, significant divergent expression was observed from 16 to 32 hai, during membrane-to-membrane contact between fungal haustoria and host epidermal cells, with notable suppression of most transcripts identified as differentially expressed in compatible interactions. These findings provide a link between the recognition of general and specific pathogen-associated molecules in gene-for-gene specified resistance and support the hypothesis that host-specific resistance evolved from the recognition and prevention of the pathogen's suppression of plant basal defense.
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