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Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on November 17, 2004; 10.1105/tpc.104.023622

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Received April 22, 2004
Accepted September 6, 2004

The Role of {Delta}1-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Dehydrogenase in Proline Degradation

Karen Deuschle 1, Dietmar Funck 2, Giuseppe Forlani 3, Harald Stransky 2, Alexander Biehl 4, Dario Leister 4, Eric van der Graaff 5, Reinhard Kunze 5, and Wolf B. Frommer 1*

1 Plant Physiology, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; Carnegie Institution, Stanford, California 94305
2 Plant Physiology, Zentrum für Molekularbiologie der Pflanzen, Pflanzenphysiologie, Universität Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
3 Department of Biology, Università di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
4 Max-Planck-Institut für Züchtungsforschung, 50829 Köln, Germany
5 Institut für Botanik, Universität zu Köln, 50931 Köln, Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: wfrommer{at}stanford.edu.

In response to stress, plants accumulate Pro, requiring degradation after release from adverse conditions. {Delta}1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (P5CDH), the second enzyme for Pro degradation, is encoded by a single gene expressed ubiquitously. To study the physiological function of P5CDH, T-DNA insertion mutants in AtP5CDH were isolated and characterized. Although Pro degradation was undetectable in p5cdh mutants, neither increased Pro levels nor an altered growth phenotype were observed under normal conditions. Thus AtP5CDH is essential for Pro degradation but not required for vegetative plant growth. External Pro application caused programmed cell death, with callose deposition, reactive oxygen species production, and DNA laddering, involving a salicylic acid signal transduction pathway. p5cdh mutants were hypersensitive toward Pro and other molecules producing P5C, such as Arg and Orn. Pro levels were the same in the wild type and mutants, but P5C was detectable only in p5cdh mutants, indicating that P5C accumulation may be the cause for Pro hypersensitivity. Accordingly, overexpression of AtP5CDH resulted in decreased sensitivity to externally supplied Pro. Thus, Pro and P5C/Glu semialdehyde may serve as a link between stress responses and cell death.




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