Plant Cell Advance Online Publication Published on February 10, 2005; 10.1105/tpc.104.027714
Received September 15, 2004
Accepted December 5, 2004
The Decreased apical dominance1/Petunia hybrida CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE8 Gene Affects Branch Production and Plays a Role in Leaf Senescence, Root Growth, and Flower Development
Kimberley C. Snowden 1, Andrew J. Simkin 2, Bart J. Janssen 1, Kerry R. Templeton 1, Holly M. Loucas 3, Joanne L. Simons 1, Sakuntala Karunairetnam 1, Andrew P. Gleave 1, David G. Clark 3, and Harry J. Klee 2*
1 HortResearch, Private Bag 92169, Mt. Albert, Auckland, New Zealand
2 Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0690
3 Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0670
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hjklee{at}ifas.ufl.edu.
Carotenoids and carotenoid cleavage products play an important and integral role in plant development. The Decreased apical dominance1 (Dad1)/PhCCD8 gene of petunia (Petunia hybrida) encodes a hypothetical carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) and ortholog of the MORE AXILLARY GROWTH4 (MAX4)/AtCCD8 gene. The dad1-1 mutant allele was inactivated by insertion of an unusual transposon (Dad-one transposon), and the dad1-3 allele is a revertant allele of dad1-1. Consistent with its role in producing a graft-transmissible compound that can alter branching, the Dad1/PhCCD8 gene is expressed in root and shoot tissue. This expression is upregulated in the stems of the dad1-1, dad2, and dad3 increased branching mutants, indicating feedback regulation of the gene in this tissue. However, this feedback regulation does not affect the root expression of Dad1/PhCCD8. Overexpression of Dad1/PhCCD8 in the dad1-1 mutant complemented the mutant phenotype, and RNA interference in the wild type resulted in an increased branching phenotype. Other differences in phenotype associated with the loss of Dad1/PhCCD8 function included altered timing of axillary meristem development, delayed leaf senescence, smaller flowers, reduced internode length, and reduced root growth. These data indicate that the substrate(s) and/or product(s) of the Dad1/PhCCD8 enzyme are mobile signal molecules with diverse roles in plant development.
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