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Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on February 18, 2005; 10.1105/tpc.104.030130

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Received December 10, 2004
Accepted January 13, 2005

BASIC PENTACYSTEINE1, a GA Binding Protein That Induces Conformational Changes in the Regulatory Region of the Homeotic Arabidopsis Gene SEEDSTICK

Maarten Kooiker 1, Chiara A. Airoldi 2, Alessia Losa 2, Priscilla S. Manzotti 2, Laura Finzi 2, Martin M. Kater 1, and Lucia Colombo 2*

1 Dipartimento di Scienze Biomolecolari e Biotecnologie, Università degli studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
2 Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: lucia.colombo{at}unimi.it.

The mechanisms for the regulation of homeotic genes are poorly understood in most organisms, including plants. We identified BASIC PENTACYSTEINE1 (BPC1) as a regulator of the homeotic Arabidopsis thaliana gene SEEDSTICK (STK), which controls ovule identity, and characterized its mechanism of action. A combination of tethered particle motion analysis and electromobility shift assays revealed that BPC1 is able to induce conformational changes by cooperative binding to purine-rich elements present in the STK regulatory sequence. Analysis of STK expression in the bpc1 mutant showed that STK is upregulated. Our results give insight into the regulation of gene expression in plants and provide the basis for further studies to understand the mechanisms that control ovule identity in Arabidopsis.






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