Plant Cell Advance Online Publication Published on July 29, 2005; 10.1105/tpc.105.031203
Received January 28, 2005
Returned for revision June 15, 2005
Accepted June 15, 2005
SWI3 Subunits of Putative SWI/SNF Chromatin-Remodeling Complexes Play Distinct Roles during Arabidopsis Development
Tomasz J. Sarnowski 1, Gabino Ríos 2, Jan Jásik 2, Szymon wie ewski 1, Szymon Kaczanowski 1, Yong Li 2, Aleksandra Kwiatkowska 3, Katarzyna Pawlikowska 1, Marta Ko bia 3, Piotr Ko bia 3, Csaba Koncz 2, and Andrzej Jerzmanowski 4*
1 Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
2 Max-Planck-Institut für Züchtungsforschung, D-50829 Köln, Germany
3 Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Warsaw University, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
4 Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Warsaw University, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: andyj{at}ibb.waw.pl.
SWITCH/SUCROSE NONFERMENTING (SWI/SNF) chromatin-remodeling complexes mediate ATP-dependent alterations of DNA-histone contacts. The minimal functional core of conserved SWI/SNF complexes consists of a SWI2/SNF2 ATPase, SNF5, SWP73, and a pair of SWI3 subunits. Because of early duplication of the SWI3 gene family in plants, Arabidopsis thaliana encodes four SWI3-like proteins that show remarkable functional diversification. Whereas ATSWI3A and ATSWI3B form homodimers and heterodimers and interact with BSH/SNF5, ATSWI3C, and the flowering regulator FCA, ATSWI3D can only bind ATSWI3B in yeast two-hybrid assays. Mutations of ATSWI3A and ATSWI3B arrest embryo development at the globular stage. By a possible imprinting effect, the atswi3b mutations result in death for approximately half of both macrospores and microspores. Mutations in ATSWI3C cause semidwarf stature, inhibition of root elongation, leaf curling, aberrant stamen development, and reduced fertility. Plants carrying atswi3d mutations display severe dwarfism, alterations in the number and development of flower organs, and complete male and female sterility. These data indicate that, by possible contribution to the combinatorial assembly of different SWI/SNF complexes, the ATSWI3 proteins perform nonredundant regulatory functions that affect embryogenesis and both the vegetative and reproductive phases of plant development.
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