Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on June 3, 2005; 10.1105/tpc.105.032094
Received February 21, 2005
Returned for revision May 13, 2005
Accepted May 13, 2005
Lipid Transfer Proteins Enhance Cell Wall Extension
Jeroen Nieuwland 1*, Richard Feron 1, Bastiaan A. H. Huisman 2, Annalisa Fasolino 2, Cornelis W. Hilbers 2, Jan Derksen 1, and Celestina Mariani 1
1 Institute for Wetland and Water Research, Department of Experimental Botany, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
2 Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: j.nieuwland{at}biotech.cam.ac.uk.
Plant cells are enclosed by a rigid cell wall that counteracts the internal osmotic pressure of the vacuole and limits the rate and direction of cell enlargement. When developmental or physiological cues induce cell extension, plant cells increase wall plasticity by a process called loosening. It was demonstrated previously that a class of proteins known as expansins are mediators of wall loosening. Here, we report a type of cell wall-loosening protein that does not share any homology with expansins but is a member of the lipid transfer proteins (LTPs). LTPs are known to bind a large range of lipid molecules to their hydrophobic cavity, and we show here that this cavity is essential for the cell wall-loosening activity of LTP. Furthermore, we show that LTP-enhanced wall extension can be described by a logarithmic time function. We hypothesize that LTP associates with hydrophobic wall compounds, causing nonhydrolytic disruption of the cell wall and subsequently facilitating wall extension.
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