Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on July 15, 2005; 10.1105/tpc.105.033738
Received April 25, 2005
Returned for revision June 12, 2005
Accepted June 14, 2005
Arabidopsis CYP85A2, a Cytochrome P450, Mediates the Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation of Castasterone to Brassinolide in Brassinosteroid Biosynthesis
Tae-Wuk Kim 1, Jung-Yun Hwang 1, Young-Soo Kim 1, Se-Hwan Joo 1, Soo Chul Chang 2, June Seung Lee 3, Suguru Takatsuto 4, and Seong-Ki Kim 1*
1 Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
2 University College, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
3 Department of Biological Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
4 Department of Chemistry, Joetsu University of Education, Joetsu-shi, Niigata 943-8512, Japan
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: skkimbio{at}cau.ac.kr.
The conversion of castasterone (CS) to brassinolide (BL), a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, represents the final and rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of BL in plants. Heterologously expressed Arabidopsis thaliana CYP85A2 in yeast mediated the conversion of CS to BL as well as the C-6 oxidation of brassinosteroids (BRs). This indicated that CYP85A2 is a bifunctional enzyme that possesses BR C-6 oxidase and BL synthase activity. CYP85A2 is thus a cytochrome P450 that mediates Baeyer-Villiger oxidation in plants. Biochemical, physiological, and molecular genetic analyses of Arabidopsis CYP85A2 loss-of-function and overexpression lines demonstrated that CS has to be a bioactive BR that controls the overall growth and development of Arabidopsis plants. Mutant studies also revealed that BL may not always be necessary for normal growth and development but that Arabidopsis plants acquire great benefit in terms of growth and development in the presence of BL.
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