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Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on October 14, 2005; 10.1105/tpc.105.035451

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Received June 23, 2005
Returned for revision August 20, 2005
Accepted September 27, 2005

Multiple Type-B Response Regulators Mediate Cytokinin Signal Transduction in Arabidopsis

Michael G. Mason 1, Dennis E. Mathews 2, D. Aaron Argyros 3, Bridey B. Maxwell 4, Joseph J. Kieber 4, Jose M. Alonso 5, Joseph R. Ecker 5, and G. Eric Schaller 1*

1 Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
2 Department of Plant Biology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824
3 Department of Biochemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824
4 Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
5 Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: george.e.schaller{at}dartmouth.edu.

Type-B Arabidopsis thaliana response regulators (ARRs) are transcription factors that function in the final step of two-component signaling systems. To characterize their role in plant growth and development, we isolated T-DNA insertions within six of the genes (ARR1, ARR2, ARR10, ARR11, ARR12, and ARR18) from the largest subfamily of type-B ARRs and also constructed various double and triple combinations of these mutations. Higher order mutants revealed progressively decreased sensitivity to cytokinin, including effects on root elongation, lateral root formation, callus induction and greening, and induction of cytokinin primary response genes. The triple mutant arr1,10,12 showed almost complete insensitivity to cytokinin under many of the assay conditions used. By contrast, no significant change in the sensitivity to ethylene was found among the mutants examined. These results indicate that there is functional overlap among the type-B ARRs and that they act as positive regulators of cytokinin signal transduction.






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