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Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on September 30, 2005; 10.1105/tpc.105.035592

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Received June 28, 2005
Returned for revision August 24, 2005
Accepted September 9, 2005

Mutation of the TGD1 Chloroplast Envelope Protein Affects Phosphatidate Metabolism in Arabidopsis

Changcheng Xu 1, Jilian Fan 1, John E. Froehlich 2, Koichiro Awai 1, and Christoph Benning 1*

1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
2 Department of Energy, Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: benning{at}msu.edu.

Phosphatidate (PA) is a central metabolite of lipid metabolism and a signaling molecule in many eukaryotes, including plants. Mutations in a permease-like protein, TRIGALACTOSYLDIACYLGLYCEROL1 (TGD1), in Arabidopsis thaliana caused the accumulation of triacylglycerols, oligogalactolipids, and PA. Chloroplast lipids were altered in their fatty acid composition consistent with an impairment of lipid trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the chloroplast and a disruption of thylakoid lipid biosynthesis from ER-derived precursors. The process mediated by TGD1 appears to be essential as mutation of the protein caused a high incidence of embryo abortion. Isolated tgd1 mutant chloroplasts showed a decreased ability to incorporate PA into galactolipids. The TGD1 protein was localized to the inner chloroplast envelope and appears to be a component of a lipid transporter. As even partial disruption of TGD1 function has drastic consequences on central lipid metabolism, the tgd1 mutant provides a tool to explore regulatory mechanisms governing lipid homeostasis and lipid trafficking in plants.






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