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Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on February 10, 2006; 10.1105/tpc.105.038372

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Received October 1, 2005
Returned for revision December 14, 2005
Accepted January 11, 2006

Arabidopsis PEN3/PDR8, an ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Contributes to Nonhost Resistance to Inappropriate Pathogens That Enter by Direct Penetration

Mónica Stein 1, Jan Dittgen 2, Clara Sánchez-Rodríguez 3, Bi-Huei Hou 1, Antonio Molina 3, Paul Schulze-Lefert 2, Volker Lipka 4, and Shauna Somerville 1*

1 Carnegie Institution, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, California, 94305
2 Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, D-50829 Köln, Germany
3 Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Politecnica Madrid, Escuela Tecnica Superior, Ingenieros Agrónomos, E-28040-Madrid, Spain
4 Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Plant Biochemistry, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ssomerville{at}stanford.edu.

Arabidopsis thaliana is a host to the powdery mildew Erysiphe cichoracearum and nonhost to Blumeria graminis f. sp hordei, the powdery mildew pathogenic on barley (Hordeum vulgare). Screening for Arabidopsis mutants deficient in resistance to barley powdery mildew identified PENETRATION3 (PEN3). pen3 plants permitted both increased invasion into epidermal cells and initiation of hyphae by B. g. hordei, suggesting that PEN3 contributes to defenses at the cell wall and intracellularly. pen3 mutants were compromised in resistance to the necrotroph Plectosphaerella cucumerina and to two additional inappropriate biotrophs, pea powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi) and potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans). Unexpectedly, pen3 mutants were resistant to E. cichoracearum. This resistance was salicylic acid-dependent and correlated with chlorotic patches. Consistent with this observation, salicylic acid pathway genes were hyperinduced in pen3 relative to the wild type. The phenotypes conferred by pen3 result from the loss of function of PLEIOTROPIC DRUG RESISTANCE8 (PDR8), a highly expressed putative ATP binding cassette transporter. PEN3/PDR8 tagged with green fluorescent protein localized to the plasma membrane in uninfected cells. In infected leaves, the protein concentrated at infection sites. PEN3/PDR8 may be involved in exporting toxic materials to attempted invasion sites, and intracellular accumulation of these toxins in pen3 may secondarily activate the salicylic acid pathway.






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