Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on February 9, 2007; 10.1105/tpc.106.042325
Received March 7, 2006
Returned for revision December 29, 2006
Accepted January 26, 2007
Histone Deacetylases and ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 Are Involved in the Establishment of Polarity in Leaves of Arabidopsis
Yoshihisa Ueno 1, Takaaki Ishikawa 1, Keiro Watanabe 2, Shinji Terakura 1, Hidekazu Iwakawa 3, Kiyotaka Okada 4, Chiyoko Machida 5, and Yasunori Machida 1*
1 Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
2 Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
3 Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
4 Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 322-0012, Japan
5 College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 322-0012, Japan
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: yas{at}bio.nagoya-u.ac.jp.
We show that two Arabidopsis thaliana genes for histone deacetylases (HDACs), HDT1/HD2A and HDT2/HD2B, are required to establish leaf polarity in the presence of mutant ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2 (AS2) or AS1. Treatment of as1 or as2 plants with inhibitors of HDACs resulted in abaxialized filamentous leaves and aberrant distribution of microRNA165 and/or microRNA166 (miR165/166) in leaves. Knockdown mutations of these two HDACs by RNA interference resulted in phenotypes like those observed in the as2 background. Nuclear localization of overproduced AS2 resulted in decreased levels of mature miR165/166 in leaves. This abnormality was abolished by HDAC inhibitors, suggesting that HDACs are required for AS2 action. A loss-of-function mutation in HASTY, encoding a positive regulator of miRNA levels, and a gain-of-function mutation in PHABULOSA, encoding a determinant of adaxialization, suppressed the generation of abaxialized filamentous leaves by inhibition of HDACs in the as1 or as2 background. AS2 and AS1 were colocalized in subnuclear bodies adjacent to the nucleolus where HDT1/HD2A and HDT2/HD2B were also found. Our results suggest that these HDACs and both AS2 and AS1 act independently to control levels and/or patterns of miR165/166 distribution and the development of adaxial-abaxial leaf polarity and that there may be interactions between HDACs and AS2 (AS1) in the generation of those miRNAs.
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