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Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on June 29, 2007; 10.1105/tpc.106.046250

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Received July 27, 2006
Returned for revision May 28, 2007
Accepted June 8, 2007

Rice WRKY45 Plays a Crucial Role in Benzothiadiazole-Inducible Blast Resistance

Masaki Shimono 1, Shoji Sugano 1, Akira Nakayama 1, Chang-Jie Jiang 1, Kazuko Ono 2, Seiichi Toki 2, and Hiroshi Takatsuji 1*

1 Plant Disease Resistance Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
2 Plant Genetic Engineering Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: takatsuh{at}nias.affrc.go.jp.

Benzothiadiazole (BTH) is a so-called plant activator and protects plants from diseases by activating the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway. By microarray screening, we identified BTH- and SA-inducible WRKY transcription factor (TF) genes that were upregulated within 3 h after BTH treatment. Overexpression of one of them, WRKY45, in rice (Oryza sativa) markedly enhanced resistance to rice blast fungus. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of WRKY45 compromised BTH-inducible resistance to blast disease, indicating that it is essential for BTH-induced defense responses. In a transient expression system, WRKY45 activated reporter gene transcription through W-boxes. Epistasis analysis suggested that WRKY45 acts in the SA signaling pathway independently of NH1, a rice ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana NPR1, which distinguishes WRKY45 from known Arabidopsis WRKY TFs. Two defense-related genes, encoding a glutathione S-transferase and a cytochrome P450, were found to be regulated downstream of WRKY45 but were not regulated by NH1, consistent with the apparent independence of the WRKY45- and NH1-dependent pathways. Defense gene expression in WRKY45-overexpressed rice plants varied with growth conditions, suggesting that some environmental factor(s) acts downstream of WRKY45 transcription. We propose a role for WRKY45 in BTH-induced and SA-mediated defense signaling in rice and its potential utility in improving disease resistance of rice, an importance food resource worldwide.




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