Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on January 19, 2007; 10.1105/tpc.106.047720
Received September 24, 2006
Returned for revision November 21, 2006
Accepted December 5, 2006
The Arabidopsis irregular xylem8 Mutant Is Deficient in Glucuronoxylan and Homogalacturonan, Which Are Essential for Secondary Cell Wall Integrity
Staffan Persson 1, Kerry Hosmer Caffall 2, Glenn Freshour 2, Matthew T. Hilley 2, Stefan Bauer 1, Patricia Poindexter 1, Michael G. Hahn 2, Debra Mohnen 2, and Chris Somerville 3*
1 Carnegie Institution, Stanford, California 94305
2 Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-4712
3 Carnegie Institution, Stanford, California 94305; Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: crs{at}stanford.edu.
The secondary cell wall in higher plants consists mainly of cellulose, lignin, and xylan and is the major component of biomass in many species. The Arabidopsis thaliana irregular xylem8 (irx8) mutant is dwarfed and has a significant reduction in secondary cell wall thickness. IRX8 belongs to a subgroup of glycosyltransferase family 8 called the GAUT1-related gene family, whose members include GAUT1, a homogalacturonan galacturonosyltransferase, and GAUT12 (IRX8). Here, we use comparative cell wall analyses to show that the irx8 mutant contains significantly reduced levels of xylan and homogalacturonan. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed that the level of xylan was significantly reduced in the mutant. Structural fingerprinting of the cell wall polymers further revealed that irx8 is deficient in glucuronoxylan. To explore the biological function of IRX8, we crossed irx8 with irx1 (affecting cellulose synthase 8). The homozygous irx1 irx8 exhibited severely dwarfed phenotypes, suggesting that IRX8 is essential for cell wall integrity during cellulose deficiency. Taken together, the data presented show that IRX8 affects the level of glucuronoxylan and homogalacturonan in higher plants and that IRX8 provides an important link between the xylan polymer and the secondary cell wall matrix and directly affects secondary cell wall integrity.
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