Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on July 13, 2007; 10.1105/tpc.106.049585
Received December 10, 2006
Returned for revision June 24, 2007
Accepted June 30, 2007
The PP2C-Type Phosphatase AP2C1 Negatively Regulates MPK4 and MPK6 and Modulates Innate Immunity and Jasmonic Acid and Ethylene Levels in Arabidopsis
Alois Schweighofer 1, Vaiva Kazanaviciute 1, Elisabeth Scheikl 1, Markus Teige 1, Robert Doczi 1, Heribert Hirt 1, Manfred Schwanninger 2, Merijn Kant 3, Robert Schuurink 3, Felix Mauch 4, Antony Buchala 4, Francesca Cardinale 5, and Irute Meskiene 1*
1 Max F. Perutz Laboratories of the University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
2 Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria
3 Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands
4 Département de Biologie, Université de Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
5 Dipartimento di Valorizzazione e Protezione delle Risorse Agroforestali, Plant Pathology, University of Turin, I-10095 Grugliasco, Italy
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: irute.meskiene{at}univie.ac.at.
Wound signaling pathways in plants are mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and stress hormones, such as ethylene and jasmonates. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the transmission of wound signals by MAPKs has been the subject of detailed investigations; however, the involvement of specific phosphatases in wound signaling is not known. Here, we show that AP2C1, an Arabidopsis Ser/Thr phosphatase of type 2C, is a novel stress signal regulator that inactivates the stress-responsive MAPKs MPK4 and MPK6. Mutant ap2c1 plants produce significantly higher amounts of jasmonate upon wounding and are more resistant to phytophagous mites (Tetranychus urticae). Plants with increased AP2C1 levels display lower wound activation of MAPKs, reduced ethylene production, and compromised innate immunity against the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Our results demonstrate a key role for the AP2C1 phosphatase in regulating stress hormone levels, defense responses, and MAPK activities in Arabidopsis and provide evidence that the activity of AP2C1 might control the plant's response to B. cinerea.
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