Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on July 13, 2007; 10.1105/tpc.107.052126
Received April 5, 2007
Returned for revision June 17, 2007
Accepted June 26, 2007
Ethylene Regulates Root Growth through Effects on Auxin Biosynthesis and Transport-Dependent Auxin Distribution
Kamil R  i ka 1, Karin Ljung 2, Steffen Vanneste 3, Radka Podhorská 4, Tom Beeckman 3, Ji í Friml 5, and Eva Benková 6*
1 Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; Department of Plant Cell Biology, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
2 Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
3 Department of Plant Systems Biology, Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, B-9052 Gent, Belgium; Department of Molecular Genetics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
4 Department of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Laboratory of Molecular Plant Physiology, Masaryk University, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
5 Department of Plant Cell Biology, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
6 Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: eva.benkova{at}zmbp.uni-tuebingen.de.
In plants, each developmental process integrates a network of signaling events that are regulated by different phytohormones, and interactions among hormonal pathways are essential to modulate their effect. Continuous growth of roots results from the postembryonic activity of cells within the root meristem that is controlled by the coordinated action of several phytohormones, including auxin and ethylene. Although their interaction has been studied intensively, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this interplay are unknown. We show that the effect of ethylene on root growth is largely mediated by the regulation of the auxin biosynthesis and transport-dependent local auxin distribution. Ethylene stimulates auxin biosynthesis and basipetal auxin transport toward the elongation zone, where it activates a local auxin response leading to inhibition of cell elongation. Consistently, in mutants affected in auxin perception or basipetal auxin transport, ethylene cannot activate the auxin response nor regulate the root growth. In addition, ethylene modulates the transcription of several components of the auxin transport machinery. Thus, ethylene achieves a local activation of the auxin signaling pathway and regulates root growth by both stimulating the auxin biosynthesis and by modulating the auxin transport machinery.
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