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Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on February 26, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.107.054718

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Received July 31, 2007
Returned for revision January 4, 2008
Accepted February 9, 2008

Tocopherols Modulate Extraplastidic Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism in Arabidopsis at Low Temperature

Hiroshi Maeda 1, Tammy L. Sage 2, Giorgis Isaac 3, Ruth Welti 3, and Dean DellaPenna 1*

1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824; Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
2 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2
3 Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: dellapen{at}msu.edu.

Tocopherols (vitamin E) are synthesized in plastids and have long been assumed to have essential functions restricted to these organelles. We previously reported that the vitamin e-deficient2 (vte2) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana is defective in transfer cell wall development and photoassimilate transport at low temperature (LT). Here, we demonstrate that LT-treated vte2 has a distinct composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): lower levels of linolenic acid (18:3) and higher levels of linoleic acid (18:2) compared with the wild type. Enhanced 18:3 oxidation was not involved, as indicated by the limited differences in oxidized lipid species between LT-treated vte2 and the wild type and by a lack of impact on the LT-induced vte2 phenotype in a vte2 fad3 fad7 fad8 quadruple mutant deficient in 18:3. PUFA changes in LT-treated vte2 occur primarily in phospholipids due to reduced conversion of dienoic to trienoic fatty acids in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pathway. Introduction of the ER fatty acid desaturase mutation, fad2, and to a lesser extent the plastidic fad6 mutation into the vte2 background suppressed the LT-induced vte2 phenotypes, including abnormal transfer cell wall development. These results provide biochemical and genetic evidence that plastid-synthesized tocopherols modulate ER PUFA metabolism early in the LT adaptation response of Arabidopsis.




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Tocopherols and ER Fatty Acid Metabolism
PLANT CELL, February 1, 2008; 20(2): 246 - 246.
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