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Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on February 15, 2008; 10.1105/tpc.107.056119

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Received October 7, 2007
Returned for revision January 4, 2008
Accepted January 30, 2008

The Arabidopsis Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate 5-Kinase PIP5K3 Is a Key Regulator of Root Hair Tip Growth

Hiroaki Kusano 1, Christa Testerink 2, Joop E.M. Vermeer 2, Tomohiko Tsuge 1, Hiroaki Shimada 3, Atsuhiro Oka 1, Teun Munnik 2, and Takashi Aoyama 1*

1 Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
2 Section of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands
3 Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: aoyama{at}scl.kyoto-u.ac.jp.

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] functions as a site-specific signal on membranes to promote cytoskeletal reorganization and membrane trafficking. Localization of PtdIns(4,5)P2 to apices of growing root hairs and pollen tubes suggests that it plays an important role in tip growth. However, its regulation and mode of action remain unclear. We found that Arabidopsis thaliana PIP5K3 (for Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate 5-Kinase 3) encodes a phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase, a key enzyme producing PtdIns(4,5)P2, that is preferentially expressed in growing root hairs. T-DNA insertion mutations that substantially reduced the expression of PIP5K3 caused significantly shorter root hairs than in the wild type. By contrast, overexpression caused longer root hairs and multiple protruding sites on a single trichoblast. A yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) fusion of PIP5K3, driven by the PIP5K3 promoter, complemented the short-root-hair phenotype. PIP5K3-YFP localized to the plasma membrane and cytoplasmic space of elongating root hair apices, to growing root hair bulges, and, notably, to sites about to form root hair bulges. The signal was greatest in rapidly growing root hairs and quickly disappeared when elongation ceased. These results provide evidence that PIP5K3 is involved in localizing PtdIns(4,5)P2 to the elongating root hair apex and is a key regulator of the machinery that initiates and promotes root hair tip growth.




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