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Plant Cell Advance Online Publication
Published on July 14, 2009; 10.1105/tpc.108.063107

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Received September 8, 2008
Returned for revision June 18, 2009
Accepted June 25, 2009

Sieve Element Ca2+ Channels as Relay Stations between Remote Stimuli and Sieve Tube Occlusion in Vicia faba

Alexandra C.U. Furch 1, Aart J.E. van Bel 1, Mark D. Fricker 2, Hubert H. Felle 3, Maike Fuchs 1, and Jens B. Hafke 1*

1 Plant Cell Biology Research Group, Institute of General Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, D-35390 Giessen, Germany
2 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, United Kingdom
3 Institute of General Botany, Justus-Liebig-University, D-35390 Giessen, Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jens.hafke{at}bot1.bio.uni-giessen.de.

Damage induces remote occlusion of sieve tubes in Vicia faba by forisome dispersion, triggered during the passage of an electropotential wave (EPW). This study addresses the role of Ca2+ channels and cytosolic Ca2+ elevation as a link between EPWs and forisome dispersion. Ca2+ channel antagonists affect the initial phase of the EPW as well as the prolonged plateau phase. Resting levels of sieve tube Ca2+ of ~50 nM were independently estimated using Ca2+-selective electrodes and a Ca2+-sensitive dye. Transient changes in cytosolic Ca2+ were observed in phloem tissue in response to remote stimuli and showed profiles similar to those of EPWs. The measured elevation of Ca2+ in sieve tubes was below the threshold necessary for forisome dispersion. Therefore, forisomes need to be associated with Ca2+ release sites. We found an association between forisomes and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) at sieve plates and pore-plasmodesma units where high-affinity binding of a fluorescent Ca2+ channel blocker mapped an increased density of Ca2+ channels. In conclusion, propagation of EPWs in response to remote stimuli is linked to forisome dispersion through transiently high levels of parietal Ca2+, release of which depends on both plasma membrane and ER Ca2+ channels.






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