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The irregular xylem3 Locus of Arabidopsis Encodes a Cellulose Synthase Required for Secondary Cell Wall Synthesis

Neil G. Taylor, Wolf-Rüdiger Scheible, Sean Cutler, Chris R. Somerville, Simon R. Turner
Neil G. Taylor
aUniversity of Manchester, School of Biological Science, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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Wolf-Rüdiger Scheible
bDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, and Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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Sean Cutler
bDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, and Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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Chris R. Somerville
bDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, and Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
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Simon R. Turner
aUniversity of Manchester, School of Biological Science, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
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  • For correspondence: simon.turner@man.ac.uk

Published May 1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.11.5.769

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    Figure 1.

    Localization of the irx3 Mutation on Chromosome V.

    The positions of YAC clones spanning this region are shown (from Schmidt et al., 1997). The YAC clones containing the IRX3 gene are in filled rectangles. The filled vertical bar indicates the region of chromosome V containing the IRX3 gene. The positions of genetic markers are taken from the map generated from recombinant inbred lines (Lister and Dean, 1993).

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    Figure 2.

    Map of Genomic Clones Containing the IRX3 Gene.

    Introns are represented by solid blocks, and triangles indicate the position of HindIII sites. Boxes represent the positions of the 3.1-kb (hatched), 7.5-kb (open), and 3.2-kb (filled) HindIII fragments referred to in the text. Two additional HindIII sites (not shown) occur between the 7.5- and 3.2-kb HindIII fragments.

    (A) λ clone used to subclone the IRX3 gene and intron/exon map of the IRX3 gene.

    (B) Cosmid clones used for complementation.

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    Figure 3.

    Alignment of the Amino Acid Sequences of Plant Cellulose Synthase Genes.

    Solid boxes indicate regions in which more than half the residues are identical, and gray boxes indicate conserved residues. The positions of the three aspartic acid (d) residues and QxxRW motifs are indicated by large and small asterisks, respectively. Positions of the presumed membrane-spanning helices are indicated by solid bars. Variable regions referred to in the text also are indicated (VR1 and VR2). Dots were introduced to optimize alignment.

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    Figure 4.

    Toluidine Blue–Stained Sections of Arabidopsis Vascular Bundles from Wild-Type, irx3, and irx3 Plants Transformed with Cosmids L1, L10, L3, and L5.

    co, cortex; ph, phloem; WT, wild type; xe, xylem elements.

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    Figure 5.

    Cellulose Measurements Showing Complementation of the irx3 Cellulose-Deficient Phenotype by Using Cosmid Clones.

    Cellulose content of stem sections from individual wild-type (WT) and irx3 plants together with individual irx3 plants transformed with cosmids (L1, L3, L4, L5, and L10) containing the IRX3 gene was determined. Details of the cosmids are provided in Figure 2.

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    Figure 6.

    RNA Gel Blots Showing Expression of the IRX3 Gene.

    Blots containing RNA from developing stems and leaves from wild-type (wt) and irx3 plants were probed with 75G11, COMT, and rRNA.

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    Figure 7.

    Phylogenetic Tree of Bacterial and Plant Cellulose Synthases and Homologs.

    Alignment data are from bootstrap values sampled 100 times and used to construct the consensus tree shown. Numbers are bootstrap values and indicate the number of trees in which the proteins to the right of a bootstrap value clustered together. Shown to the right of the Csa, Csb, and Csc protein names are the GenBank accession numbers for the genes encoding each protein. Aceto, A. xylinum; Agro., A. tumefaciens; Aquifex, A. aeolicus.

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The irregular xylem3 Locus of Arabidopsis Encodes a Cellulose Synthase Required for Secondary Cell Wall Synthesis
Neil G. Taylor, Wolf-Rüdiger Scheible, Sean Cutler, Chris R. Somerville, Simon R. Turner
The Plant Cell May 1999, 11 (5) 769-779; DOI: 10.1105/tpc.11.5.769

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The irregular xylem3 Locus of Arabidopsis Encodes a Cellulose Synthase Required for Secondary Cell Wall Synthesis
Neil G. Taylor, Wolf-Rüdiger Scheible, Sean Cutler, Chris R. Somerville, Simon R. Turner
The Plant Cell May 1999, 11 (5) 769-779; DOI: 10.1105/tpc.11.5.769
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The Plant Cell Online: 11 (5)
The Plant Cell
Vol. 11, Issue 5
May 1999
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