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Research ArticleResearch Article
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Allopolyploidy-Induced Rapid Genome Evolution in the Wheat (Aegilops–Triticum) Group

Hakan Ozkan, Avraham A. Levy, Moshe Feldman
Hakan Ozkan
Department of Plant Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 72100, Israel
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Avraham A. Levy
Department of Plant Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 72100, Israel
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Moshe Feldman
Department of Plant Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 72100, Israel
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Published August 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/TPC.010082

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  • Figure 1.
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    Figure 1.

    DNA Gel Blot Hybridization of the Genome-Specific Sequence PSR593 to Genomic DNA from F1 Hybrids and Newly Formed Allopolyploids.

    (A) Hybridization to genomic DNA from the F1 hybrid between Ae. sharonensis (TH02) and T. monococcum ssp aegilopoides (TMB02), from the S1 generation of the allotetraploid that derived from this hybrid, and from the two parental plants. DNA was digested using EcoRI, EcoRV, DraI, and HindIII. Arrows indicate the bands from the genome of TH02 that disappeared in F1 and in the S1 generation of the allopolyploid. Fragment size is indicated at right in kilobases.

    (B) Hybridization to genomic DNA from the F1 hybrid between T. turgidum ssp durum (TTR16) and Ae. speltoides (TS01), from the S1 generation of the allohexaploid derived from this hybrid, and from the two parental plants. DNA was digested using HindIII and DraI. Arrows indicate the bands that disappeared in F1 and/or in the S1 generation of the allohexaploid. The upper band of TTR16 is present in F1 of the HindIII digest but is absent in S1. No such difference between F1 and S1 was noted with DraI. This difference between HindIII and DraI probably results from methylation. Fragment size is indicated at right in kilobases.

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    Figure 2.

    DNA Gel Blot Hybridization of the CSS WPG90 to Genomic DNA from the F1 Hybrid between T. monococcum ssp aegilopoides (TMB02) and Ae. speltoides (TS86), from the S1 Generation of the Allotetraploid That Derived from This Hybrid, and from the Two Parental Plants.

    DNA was digested with EcoRI. The arrow indicates the band from the genome of TMB02 that disappeared in the S1 generation of the allopolyploid. Fragment size is indicated at right in kilobases.

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    Figure 3.

    DNA Gel Blot Hybridization of the GSS PSR551 to Genomic DNA from the F1 Hybrid between T. aestivum ssp aestivum cv Chinese Spring (CS) and Ae. longissima (TL01), from the S1, S2, and S3 Generations of the Allooctoploid That Derived from This Hybrid, and from the Two Parental Plants.

    DNA was digested using EcoRI and EcoRV. Arrows indicate the band from the genome of TL01 that disappeared only in the S3 generation of the allopolyploid. Fragment size is indicated at right in kilobases.

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    Figure 4.

    DNA Gel Blot Hybridization of the GSS PSR593 to Genomic DNA from the F1 Hybrid between T. turgidum ssp durum (TTR16) having Ph1 and Ae. speltoides (TS01), from the F1 Hybrid between T. turgidum ssp durum (TTR16) Disomic 5D Nullisomic 5B Lacking Ph1 and Ae. speltoides (TS01), and from Their Parental Plants.

    DNA was digested with DraI. Arrows indicate the bands from the genome of TS01 that disappeared in the F1 hybrid. Fragment size is indicated at right in kilobases.

Tables

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    Table 1.

    List of the F1 and Synthesized Allopolyploids of Triticum, Aegilops, and Secale That Were Produced in this Worka

    Cross CombinationGenomic Constitution of F1Synthesized Allopolyploids
    Natural allopolyploid combinations
   Tetraploids (2n = 4x = 28)
    Ae. sharonensis (TH01) × Ae. umbellulata (TU04)SlU+
    Ae. longissima (TL02) × Ae. umbellulata (TU02)SlU+
    Ae. longissima (TL05) × T. urartu (TMU06)SlA+
    Ae. sharonensis (TH02) × T. monococcum ssp aegilopoides (TMB02)SlAm+
    T. monococcum ssp aegilopoides (TMB02) × Ae. speltoides (TS86)AmS+
    Ae. longissima (TL01) × T. monococcum ssp aegilopoides (TMB02)SlAm−
    Ae. longissima (TL02) × T. monococcum ssp aegilopoides (TMB02)SlAm−
    Ae. bicornis (TB01) × T. urartu (TMU06)SbA−
    Hexaploids (2n = 6x = 42)
    T. turgidum ssp cartlicum (TTH01) × Ae. tauschii (TQ17)BAD+
    T. turgidum ssp cartlicum (TTH01) × Ae. tauschii (TQ17)BAD+
    T. turgidum ssp durum (TTR04) × Ae. tauschii (TQ27)BAD+
    T. turgidum ssp durum (TTR16) × Ae. tauschii (TQ27)BAD+
    T. turgidum ssp durum (Lang 5D[5B]) × Ae. tauschii (TQ17)BAD−
    T. turgidum ssp durum (TTR19) × Ae. tauschii (TQ27)BAD+
    T. turgidum ssp dicoccoides (TTD20) × Ae. tauschii (TQ27)BAD+
    Nonnatural allopolyploid combinations
    Tetraploids (2n = 4x = 28)
    Ae. speltoides (TS86) × Ae. caudata (TD01)SC+
    T. urartu (TMU38) × Ae. tauschii (TQ27)AD+
    Ae. bicornis (TB01) × Ae. tauschii (TQ27)SbD+
    Ae. longissima (TL01) × Ae. tauschii (TQ27)SlD−
    Ae. longissima (TL02) × Ae. tauschii (TQ27)SlD−
    Hexaploids (2n = 6x = 42)
    T. turgidum ssp durum (TTR16) × Ae. speltoides (TS01)BAS+
    T. turgidum ssp durum (TTR19) × Ae. sharonensis (TH01)BASl+
    T. turgidum ssp durum (Lang 5D[5B]) × Ae. speltoides (TS01)BAS−
    T. turgidum ssp durum (TTR16) × Ae. longissima (TL01)BASl−
    T. turgidum ssp durum (TTR16) × Ae. longissima (TL02)BASl−
    Octoploids (2n = 8x = 56)
    T. aestivum ssp aestivum (TAA01) × Ae. speltoides (TS01)BADS+
    Ae. speltoides (TS42) × T. aestivum ssp aestivum (TAA01)SBAD+
    T. aestivum ssp aestivum (TAA01) × Ae. longissima (TL01)BADSl+
    T. aestivum ssp aestivum (TAA01) × Ae. longissima (TL02)BADSl+
    T. aestivum ssp aestivum (TAA01) × Ae. sharonensis (TH01)BADSl−
    T. aestivum ssp aestivum (TAA01) × Ae. bicornis (TB01)BADSb−
    T. aestivum ssp aestivum (TAA01) × S. cereale (SC01)BADR+
    T. aestivum ssp aestivum (TAA01 ph1 ph1) × Ae. longissima (TL01)BADSl+
    T. aestivum ssp aestivum (TAA01 ph1 ph1) × Ae. speltoides (TS01)BADS−
    T. aestivum ssp aestivum (TAA01 ph1 ph1) × Ae. sharonensis (TH01)BADSl−
    • a All allopolyploids were produced by colchicine treatment of F1 seedlings except for TTR04–TQ27, TTR16–TQ27, and TTR19–TQ27, which were obtained by spontaneous formation of unreduced gametes on F1 plants.

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    Table 2.

    Mean Sequence Elimination (%) in F1 Hybrids and S1, S2, and S3 Allopolyploid Generations of Triticum, Aegilops, and Secalea

    CSSGSS
    4×6×8×4×6×8×
    Type of AllopolyploidGenerationn%n%n%n%n%n%
    NaturalF18370––831767––
    S1567650––580667––
    S2392575––4925100––
    NonnaturalF150501005105131013
    S1336229610350234628
    S2––258553––250553
    S3––1100365––2843100
    • a n, number of combinations; –, data not available; %, mean sequence elimination in every generation was calculated from the percentage of disappearing DNA gel blot bands in every genomic combination.

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    Table 3.

    Elimination Frequency (%) of the Different CSSs and GSSs in F1 Hybrids and S1 and S2 Allopolyploid Generations of Triticum, Aegilops, and Secale

    Type of AllopolyploidNumber of
 CombinationsPercent Elimination of CSSsPercent Elimination of GSSsAll Sequences
 (Mean)
    PSR743PSR618PSR301WPG15WPG90MeanPSR551PSR593WPG176Mean
    Natural
    F115060001.2 b7466740.0 aa15.8 b
    S11111641001002760.4 a45829172.7 a65.0 a
    S2811881001003867.4 a458810077.7 a71.3 a
    Mean––––––43.0–––63.450.7b
    Nonnatural
    F120000000.0 b0171310.0 aa3.8 b
    S1111830962016.6 ab0365028.7 a21.1 b
    S2718712968842.4 a10868861.3 a49.5 a
    Mean––––––19.7–––33.324.8b
    Mean, all combinations––––––31.3–––48.437.7
    • Arc cosine transformation of the percentage values was compared by analysis of variance. Within each group of allopolyploids (natural and nonnatural), values followed by common letters are not significantly different (P ≤ 0.05).

    • a Significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than in the F1 of the CSSs in the natural and nonnatural allopolyploids.

    • b Significantly higher (P ≤ 0.009) than the nonnatural all sequences mean.

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    Table 4.

    Species and Lines of Triticum, Aegilops, and Secale Used in This Study

    Species, Subspecies, and CultivarsLine DesignationGenome
    Diploids (2n = 2x = 14)
      T. urartu TMU06AA
    TMU38AA
      T. monococcum ssp aegilopoidesTMB02AmAm
      Ae. speltoides TS01SS
    TS42SS
    TS86SS
      Ae. bicornisTB01SbSb
      Ae. sharonensis TH01SlSl
    TH02SlSl
      Ae. longissima TL01SlSl
    TL02SlSl
    TL05SlSl
      Ae. tauschiiTQ17DD
    TQ27DD
      Ae. umbellulataTU02UU
    TU04UU
      Ae. caudataTD01CC
      S. cerealeSC01RR
    Tetraploids (2n = 4x = 28)
    T. turgidum ssp dicoccoidesTTD20BBAA
    ssp durum cv InbarTTR04BBAA
     cv LangdonTTR16BBAA
     cv CappelliTTR19BBAA
    ssp carthlicumTTH01BBAA
    Hexaploids (2n = 6x = 42)
      T. aestivum ssp aestivum
 cv Chinese SpringTAA01BBAADD
    Substitution line
      T. turgidum ssp durum
 cv Langdon 5D(5B)Produced by L.R. JoppaBBAA
    Mutant line
      T. aestivum ssp aestivum
 cv Chinese Spring, ph1 ph1Produced by E.R. SearsBBAADD
    • View popup
    Table 5.

    CSSs and GSSs Used in this Study

    DesignationaSize (kb)Chromosome Arm Location
 in Common Wheat
    CSSs
    PSR7432.2007AXb
    WPG150.2795BL
    WPG900.2795BL
    PSR6182.8005BS
    PSR3012.1206BXb
    GSSs
    PSR5511.2002BS, 6BS
    PSR5932.5002BS, 4BS, 7BL
    WPG1760.2603BL, 4BX, 5BL
    • a PSR (Plant Science Research) sequences were kindly provided by M.D. Gale (John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK); WPG (Weizmann Plant Genetics) sequences were produced in our laboratory. All sequences showed polymorphism between the parental lines.

    • b Arm location is unknown.

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Allopolyploidy-Induced Rapid Genome Evolution in the Wheat (Aegilops–Triticum) Group
Hakan Ozkan, Avraham A. Levy, Moshe Feldman
The Plant Cell Aug 2001, 13 (8) 1735-1747; DOI: 10.1105/TPC.010082

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Allopolyploidy-Induced Rapid Genome Evolution in the Wheat (Aegilops–Triticum) Group
Hakan Ozkan, Avraham A. Levy, Moshe Feldman
The Plant Cell Aug 2001, 13 (8) 1735-1747; DOI: 10.1105/TPC.010082
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