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Poplar FT2 Shortens the Juvenile Phase and Promotes Seasonal Flowering

Chuan-Yu Hsu, Yunxia Liu, Dawn S. Luthe, Cetin Yuceer
Chuan-Yu Hsu
aDepartment of Forestry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762
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Yunxia Liu
aDepartment of Forestry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762
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Dawn S. Luthe
bDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762
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Cetin Yuceer
aDepartment of Forestry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762
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Published August 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.106.041038

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Abstract

Many woody perennials, such as poplar (Populus deltoides), are not able to form flower buds during the first several years of their life cycle. They must undergo a transition from the juvenile phase to the reproductive phase to be competent to produce flower buds. After this transition, trees begin to form flower buds in the spring of each growing season. The genetic factors that control flower initiation, ending the juvenile phase, are unknown in poplar. The factors that regulate seasonal flower bud formation are also unknown. Here, we report that poplar FLOWERING LOCUS T2 (FT2), a relative of the Arabidopsis thaliana flowering-time gene FT, controls first-time and seasonal flowering in poplar. The FT2 transcript is rare during the juvenile phase of poplar. When juvenile poplar is transformed with FT2 and transcript levels are increased, flowering is induced within 1 year. During the transition between vegetative and reproductive growth in mature trees, FT2 transcripts are abundant during reproductive growth under long days. Subsequently, floral meristems emerge on flanks of the axillary inflorescence shoots. These findings suggest that FT2 is part of the flower initiation pathway in poplar and plays an additional role in regulating seasonal flower initiation that is integrated with the poplar perennial growth habit.

  • Received January 11, 2006.
  • Revised May 10, 2006.
  • Accepted June 19, 2006.
  • Published July 14, 2006.
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Poplar FT2 Shortens the Juvenile Phase and Promotes Seasonal Flowering
Chuan-Yu Hsu, Yunxia Liu, Dawn S. Luthe, Cetin Yuceer
The Plant Cell Aug 2006, 18 (8) 1846-1861; DOI: 10.1105/tpc.106.041038

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Poplar FT2 Shortens the Juvenile Phase and Promotes Seasonal Flowering
Chuan-Yu Hsu, Yunxia Liu, Dawn S. Luthe, Cetin Yuceer
The Plant Cell Aug 2006, 18 (8) 1846-1861; DOI: 10.1105/tpc.106.041038
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The Plant Cell Online: 18 (8)
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Vol. 18, Issue 8
August 2006
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