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bearded-ear Encodes a MADS Box Transcription Factor Critical for Maize Floral Development

Beth E. Thompson, Linnea Bartling, Clint Whipple, Darren H. Hall, Hajime Sakai, Robert Schmidt, Sarah Hake
Beth E. Thompson
aPlant Gene Expression Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service and Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California-Berkeley, Albany, California 94710
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Linnea Bartling
aPlant Gene Expression Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service and Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California-Berkeley, Albany, California 94710
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Clint Whipple
bDivision of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
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Darren H. Hall
bDivision of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
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Hajime Sakai
cDupont Crop Genetics, Experimental Station E353, Wilmington, Delaware 19880
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Robert Schmidt
bDivision of Biological Sciences, Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
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Sarah Hake
aPlant Gene Expression Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service and Plant and Microbial Biology Department, University of California-Berkeley, Albany, California 94710
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Published September 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.109.067751

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Abstract

Although many genes that regulate floral development have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana, relatively few are known in the grasses. In normal maize (Zea mays), each spikelet produces an upper and lower floral meristem, which initiate floral organs in a defined phyllotaxy before being consumed in the production of an ovule. The bearded-ear (bde) mutation affects floral development differently in the upper and lower meristem. The upper floral meristem initiates extra floral organs that are often mosaic or fused, while the lower floral meristem initiates additional floral meristems. We cloned bde by positional cloning and found that it encodes zea agamous3 (zag3), a MADS box transcription factor in the conserved AGAMOUS-LIKE6 clade. Mutants in the maize homolog of AGAMOUS, zag1, have a subset of bde floral defects. bde zag1 double mutants have a severe ear phenotype, not observed in either single mutant, in which floral meristems are converted to branch-like meristems, indicating that bde and zag1 redundantly promote floral meristem identity. In addition, BDE and ZAG1 physically interact. We propose a model in which BDE functions in at least three distinct complexes to regulate floral development in the maize ear.

  • Received April 8, 2009.
  • Revised August 4, 2009.
  • Accepted August 25, 2009.
  • Published September 11, 2009.

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bearded-ear Encodes a MADS Box Transcription Factor Critical for Maize Floral Development
Beth E. Thompson, Linnea Bartling, Clint Whipple, Darren H. Hall, Hajime Sakai, Robert Schmidt, Sarah Hake
The Plant Cell Sep 2009, 21 (9) 2578-2590; DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.067751

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bearded-ear Encodes a MADS Box Transcription Factor Critical for Maize Floral Development
Beth E. Thompson, Linnea Bartling, Clint Whipple, Darren H. Hall, Hajime Sakai, Robert Schmidt, Sarah Hake
The Plant Cell Sep 2009, 21 (9) 2578-2590; DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.067751
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The Plant Cell Online: 21 (9)
The Plant Cell
Vol. 21, Issue 9
September 2009
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