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Table of Contents

The Plant Cell Online: 22 (10)
Oct 2010

IN BRIEF

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    Cytokinin and Compound Leaf Development
    Gregory Bertoni
    Plant Cell Oct 2010, 22 (10) 3191; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.221010
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    Introducing Aromatic Amino Acid Hydroxylases from Plants
    Kathleen L. Farquharson
    Plant Cell Oct 2010, 22 (10) 3192; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.221011

RESEARCH ARTICLES

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    Arachidonic Acid: An Evolutionarily Conserved Signaling Molecule Modulates Plant Stress Signaling Networks
    Tatyana Savchenko, Justin W. Walley, E. Wassim Chehab, Yanmei Xiao, Roy Kaspi, Matthew F. Pye, Maged E. Mohamed, Colin M. Lazarus, Richard M. Bostock, Katayoon Dehesh
    Plant Cell Oct 2010, 22 (10) 3193-3205; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.073858

    Oomycete pathogens contain arachidonic acid (AA), an elicitor of defense responses and programmed cell death in plants. Arabidopsis plants engineered to produce AA, or exogenously treated with this fatty acid, displayed altered resistance to biotic challengers resulting from AA’s action on salicylate and jasmonate stress signaling networks.

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    Cytokinin Regulates Compound Leaf Development in Tomato
    Eilon Shani, Hadas Ben-Gera, Sharona Shleizer-Burko, Yogev Burko, David Weiss, Naomi Ori
    Plant Cell Oct 2010, 22 (10) 3206-3217; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.078253

    Leaf shape diversity relies on transient morphogenetic activity in leaf margins. This study identifies cytokinin as an important regulator of the extended morphogenetic activity that characterizes the leaf margin of compound tomato leaves.

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    The Arabidopsis Dynamin-Related Protein2 Family Is Essential for Gametophyte Development
    Steven K. Backues, David A. Korasick, Antje Heese, Sebastian Y. Bednarek
    Plant Cell Oct 2010, 22 (10) 3218-3231; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.077727

    Both the DRP2 family of classical dynamins and the plant-specific DRP1s are thought to be required for clathrin-mediated trafficking. This study shows that the Arabidopsis DRP2 and DRP1 families have distinct developmental roles. DRP2 function was found to be necessary for cell cycle progression in the early stages of both the male and the female gametophyte development.

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    Arabidopsis SET DOMAIN GROUP2 Is Required for H3K4 Trimethylation and Is Crucial for Both Sporophyte and Gametophyte Development
    Alexandre Berr, Emily J. McCallum, Rozenn Ménard, Denise Meyer, Jörg Fuchs, Aiwu Dong, Wen-Hui Shen
    Plant Cell Oct 2010, 22 (10) 3232-3248; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.079962

    This study establishes that SDG2 is a major factor for histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation in Arabidopsis and shows that loss of SDG2 causes wide-ranging defects in both sporophyte and gametophyte development.

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    Inactivation of a DNA Methylation Pathway in Maize Reproductive Organs Results in Apomixis-Like Phenotypes
    Marcelina Garcia-Aguilar, Caroline Michaud, Olivier Leblanc, Daniel Grimanelli
    Plant Cell Oct 2010, 22 (10) 3249-3267; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.109.072181

    This study examines the molecular differences between sexual reproduction and apomixis (i.e., asexual reproduction through seeds). Profiling of sexually reproducing maize and apomictic maize-Tripsacum hybrids revealed that four loci involved in gene silencing via DNA methylation are dowregulated in apomictic plants. Plants deficient for two of these genes mimic aspects of apomictic reproduction.

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    Mitochondrial β-Cyanoalanine Synthase Is Essential for Root Hair Formation in Arabidopsis thaliana
    Irene García, José María Castellano, Blanca Vioque, Roberto Solano, Cecilia Gotor, Luis C. Romero
    Plant Cell Oct 2010, 22 (10) 3268-3279; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.076828

    The β-cyanoalanine synthase enzyme is responsible for detoxifying the cyanide generated during cellular metabolism, primarily in the synthesis of ethylene. This analysis of a null mutant of this enzyme indicates that cyanide can act in some developmental processes as a signaling molecule.

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    A Novel Factor FLOURY ENDOSPERM2 Is Involved in Regulation of Rice Grain Size and Starch Quality
    Kao-Chih She, Hiroaki Kusano, Kazuyoshi Koizumi, Hiromoto Yamakawa, Makoto Hakata, Tomohiro Imamura, Masato Fukuda, Natsuka Naito, Yumi Tsurumaki, Mitsuhiro Yaeshima, Tomohiko Tsuge, Ken'ichiro Matsumoto, Mari Kudoh, Eiko Itoh, Shoshi Kikuchi, Naoki Kishimoto, Junshi Yazaki, Tsuyu Ando, Masahiro Yano, Takashi Aoyama, Tadamasa Sasaki, Hikaru Satoh, Hiroaki Shimada
    Plant Cell Oct 2010, 22 (10) 3280-3294; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.109.070821

    The authors clone the rice FLOURY ENDOSPERM2 (FLO2) gene; flo2 mutants have aberrant endosperm, and FLO2 overexpressors have enlarged grains. Gene expression and protein interaction studies indicate that FLO2, a novel tetratricopeptide repeat containing protein, regulates storage starch and protein gene expression in rice endosperm development and may also play a role in heat tolerance.

  • Open Access
    The ER-Localized TWD1 Immunophilin Is Necessary for Localization of Multidrug Resistance-Like Proteins Required for Polar Auxin Transport in Arabidopsis Roots
    Guosheng Wu, Marisa S. Otegui, Edgar P. Spalding
    Plant Cell Oct 2010, 22 (10) 3295-3304; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.078360

    Members of the B group of ABC transporters are required for polar auxin transport through various plant tissues and organs. This report clarifies how the TWD1 immunophilin affects auxin transport and root growth by affecting B-group ABC transporters.

  • Open Access
    A Maize Thiamine Auxotroph Is Defective in Shoot Meristem Maintenance
    John B. Woodward, N. Dinuka Abeydeera, Debamita Paul, Kimberly Phillips, Maria Rapala-Kozik, Michael Freeling, Tadhg P. Begley, Steven E. Ealick, Paula McSteen, Michael J. Scanlon
    Plant Cell Oct 2010, 22 (10) 3305-3317; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.077776

    Mutations in the maize thiamine biosynthesis gene bladekiller1 induce meristem abortion phenotypes that are completely rescued by exogenous thiamine. The data illustrate the essential role of metabolic cofactors during the proliferative growth of the undifferentiated stem cell populations that comprise plant meristems.

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    RAD5A, RECQ4A, and MUS81 Have Specific Functions in Homologous Recombination and Define Different Pathways of DNA Repair in Arabidopsis thaliana
    Anja Mannuss, Stefanie Dukowic-Schulze, Stefanie Suer, Frank Hartung, Michael Pacher, Holger Puchta
    Plant Cell Oct 2010, 22 (10) 3318-3330; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.078568

    The processing of complex DNA intermediates in replication and repair is essential. This work defines the role of two ATPases, RAD5A and RECQ4A, and the endonuclease MUS81 in DNA repair and recombination in Arabidopsis. It shows that all three proteins are involved in different pathways of DNA repair and have specific roles in double-strand break–induced homologous recombination.

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    Regulation of the Chlamydomonas Cell Cycle by a Stable, Chromatin-Associated Retinoblastoma Tumor Suppressor Complex
    Bradley J.S.C. Olson, Michael Oberholzer, Yubing Li, James M. Zones, Harjivan S. Kohli, Katerina Bisova, Su-Chiung Fang, Jill Meisenhelder, Tony Hunter, James G. Umen
    Plant Cell Oct 2010, 22 (10) 3331-3347; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.076067

    The retinoblastoma (RB) pathway is a conserved eukaryotic cell cycle regulator that is thought to control cell cycle progression through periodic dissociation of the repressor protein, RB, from the activator proteins E2F and DP. This study shows that in the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas, the cell cycle is regulated by a constitutively chromatin-bound RB-E2F-DP ternary complex whose subunits do not undergo periodic dissociation.

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    Provitamin A Accumulation in Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Roots Driven by a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in a Phytoene Synthase Gene
    Ralf Welsch, Jacobo Arango, Cornelia Bär, Bertha Salazar, Salim Al-Babili, Jesús Beltrán, Paul Chavarriaga, Hernan Ceballos, Joe Tohme, Peter Beyer
    Plant Cell Oct 2010, 22 (10) 3348-3356; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.077560

    Cassava is a very important staple crop, especially in the arid tropics where it is a chief source of carbohydrates, but the provitamin A content in the storage root is insufficient to sustain a healthy life. The work presented shows that a single amino acid exchange in a conserved region of the enzyme phytoene synthase leads to substantive accumulation of β-carotene (provitamin A) in the roots.

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    Functional Analyses of Caffeic Acid O-Methyltransferase and Cinnamoyl-CoA-Reductase Genes from Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne)
    Yi Tu, Simone Rochfort, Zhiqian Liu, Yidong Ran, Megan Griffith, Pieter Badenhorst, Gordon V. Louie, Marianne E. Bowman, Kevin F. Smith, Joseph P. Noel, Aidyn Mouradov, German Spangenberg
    Plant Cell Oct 2010, 22 (10) 3357-3373; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.109.072827

    The authors show enhanced digestibility of cinnamoyl CoA-reductase and caffeic acid O-methyltransferase-deficient perennial ryegrass plants grown under glasshouse and field conditions. This indicates that both of these lignin biosynthetic genes are promising targets for transgenic approaches aiming to enhance forage quality and improve feedstock plants for biofuel production.

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    A Novel Glucosylation Reaction on Anthocyanins Catalyzed by Acyl-Glucose–Dependent Glucosyltransferase in the Petals of Carnation and Delphinium
    Yuki Matsuba, Nobuhiro Sasaki, Masayuki Tera, Masachika Okamura, Yutaka Abe, Emi Okamoto, Haruka Nakamura, Hisakage Funabashi, Makoto Takatsu, Mikako Saito, Hideaki Matsuoka, Kazuo Nagasawa, Yoshihiro Ozeki
    Plant Cell Oct 2010, 22 (10) 3374-3389; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.077487

    This work describes a glucosylation reaction at the 5/7 positions of anthocyanins in the petals of carnations and delphiniums. Unusually, this reaction is catalyzed by acyl-glucose–dependent glucosyltransferases that belong to glycoside hydrolase family 1. This modification mechanism may play an important role in generating variation in anthocyanins.

  • Open Access
    Clustered Transcription Factor Genes Regulate Nicotine Biosynthesis in Tobacco
    Tsubasa Shoji, Masataka Kajikawa, Takashi Hashimoto
    Plant Cell Oct 2010, 22 (10) 3390-3409; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.078543

    This work examines the molecular lesions responsible for the low-nicotine phenotype of a classical tobacco mutant. Extensive duplications of genes encoding jasmonate-responsive transcription factors, found at the NIC2 locus, offer new insights into how regulatory genes for alkaloid biosynthesis are organized and evolved.

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    Nonflowering Plants Possess a Unique Folate-Dependent Phenylalanine Hydroxylase That Is Localized in Chloroplasts
    Anne Pribat, Alexandre Noiriel, Alison M. Morse, John M. Davis, Romain Fouquet, Karen Loizeau, Stéphane Ravanel, Wolfgang Frank, Richard Haas, Ralf Reski, Mohamed Bedair, Lloyd W. Sumner, Andrew D. Hanson
    Plant Cell Oct 2010, 22 (10) 3410-3422; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.078824

    This work identified aromatic amino acid hydroxylase (AAH)-like sequences from nonflowering plants. The encoded proteins were shown to be plastid targeted, to have Phe hydroxylase activity, and, unlike animal and bacterial AAHs, to use a folate as cofactor rather than a pterin. Ablating AAH in moss led to accumulation of Phe and caffeate esters.

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    The Cytoskeleton and the Peroxisomal-Targeted SNOWY COTYLEDON3 Protein Are Required for Chloroplast Development in Arabidopsis
    Verónica Albrecht, Klára Šimková, Chris Carrie, Etienne Delannoy, Estelle Giraud, Jim Whelan, Ian David Small, Klaus Apel, Murray R. Badger, Barry James Pogson
    Plant Cell Oct 2010, 22 (10) 3423-3438; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.074781

    This report characterizes snowy cotyledon3, a mutant with disrupted chloroplast development that reveals a requirement for the cytoskeleton and peroxisomes in chloroplast biogenesis.

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    The Arabidopsis Thylakoid Protein PAM68 Is Required for Efficient D1 Biogenesis and Photosystem II Assembly
    Ute Armbruster, Jessica Zühlke, Birgit Rengstl, Renate Kreller, Elina Makarenko, Thilo Rühle, Danja Schünemann, Peter Jahns, Bernd Weisshaar, Jörg Nickelsen, Dario Leister
    Plant Cell Oct 2010, 22 (10) 3439-3460; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.077453

    This work shows that PAM68 is a previously unknown PSII assembly factor that is required for efficient accumulation of photosystem II complexes in Arabidopsis thaliana and that is involved in early steps of PSII assembly in Synechocystis and Arabidopsis.

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    Arabidopsis VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN6 Directly Regulates the Genes That Govern Programmed Cell Death and Secondary Wall Formation during Xylem Differentiation
    Kyoko Ohashi-Ito, Yoshihisa Oda, Hiroo Fukuda
    Plant Cell Oct 2010, 22 (10) 3461-3473; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.075036

    This article reports the identification of the downstream genes regulated by a master regulator of differentiation of tracheary elements, VND6, and of xylem fibers, SND1. VND6 was found to directly regulate several genes involved in programmed cell death and secondary cell wall formation through binding to a specific cis-element.

  • Open Access
    The Medicago truncatula E3 Ubiquitin Ligase PUB1 Interacts with the LYK3 Symbiotic Receptor and Negatively Regulates Infection and Nodulation
    Malick Mbengue, Sylvie Camut, Fernanda de Carvalho-Niebel, Laurent Deslandes, Solène Froidure, Dörte Klaus-Heisen, Sandra Moreau, Susana Rivas, Ton Timmers, Christine Hervé, Julie Cullimore, Benoit Lefebvre
    Plant Cell Oct 2010, 22 (10) 3474-3488; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.075861

    Partner specificity in legume-rhizobia symbiosis involves perception of rhizobial signals by plant lysin motif receptor-like kinases (LysM-RLKs) leading to the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. This work describes PUB1, a protein interactor of LYK3 LysM-RLK, which is involved in regulating the specificity of interaction between Medicago truncatula and Sinorhizobium meliloti.

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    Norcoclaurine Synthase Is a Member of the Pathogenesis-Related 10/Bet v1 Protein Family
    Eun-Jeong Lee, Peter Facchini
    Plant Cell Oct 2010, 22 (10) 3489-3503; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.077958

    Norcoclaurine synthase (NCS) catalyzes the first step in the formation of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, which include the painkillers morphine and codeine. Two different enzymes identified as norcoclaurine synthase have been reported. Characterization of NCS in opium poppy and meadow rue has shown that only the enzyme belonging to the PR10/Bet v1 protein family is involved in norcoclaurine biosynthesis.

Teaching Tools in Plant Biology

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    Ethylene
    Plant Cell Oct 2010, 22 (10) tpc.110.tt1010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.tt1010
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The Plant Cell Online: 22 (10)
The Plant Cell
Vol. 22, Issue 10
Oct 2010
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