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Sieve Tube Geometry in Relation to Phloem Flow

Daniel L. Mullendore, Carel W. Windt, Henk Van As, Michael Knoblauch
Daniel L. Mullendore
School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 9164-4236
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Carel W. Windt
Forschungszentrum Jülich, ICG-III Phytosphäre, 52428 Jülich, Germany
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Henk Van As
Laboratory of Biophysics and Wageningen NMR Centre, Wageningen University, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Michael Knoblauch
School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 9164-4236
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  • For correspondence: knoblauch@wsu.edu

Published March 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.109.070094

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  • © 2010 American Society of Plant Biologists

Abstract

Sieve elements are one of the least understood cell types in plants. Translocation velocities and volume flow to supply sinks with photoassimilates greatly depend on the geometry of the microfluidic sieve tube system and especially on the anatomy of sieve plates and sieve plate pores. Several models for phloem translocation have been developed, but appropriate data on the geometry of pores, plates, sieve elements, and flow parameters are lacking. We developed a method to clear cells from cytoplasmic constituents to image cell walls by scanning electron microscopy. This method allows high-resolution measurements of sieve element and sieve plate geometries. Sieve tube–specific conductivity and its reduction by callose deposition after injury was calculated for green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), bamboo (Phyllostachys nuda), squash (Cucurbita maxima), castor bean (Ricinus communis), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Phloem sap velocity measurements by magnetic resonance imaging velocimetry indicate that higher conductivity is not accompanied by a higher velocity. Studies on the temporal development of callose show that small sieve plate pores might be occluded by callose within minutes, but plants containing sieve tubes with large pores need additional mechanisms.

  • Received July 13, 2009.
  • Revised March 6, 2010.
  • Accepted March 16, 2010.
  • Published March 30, 2010.
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Sieve Tube Geometry in Relation to Phloem Flow
Daniel L. Mullendore, Carel W. Windt, Henk Van As, Michael Knoblauch
The Plant Cell Mar 2010, 22 (3) 579-593; DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.070094

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Sieve Tube Geometry in Relation to Phloem Flow
Daniel L. Mullendore, Carel W. Windt, Henk Van As, Michael Knoblauch
The Plant Cell Mar 2010, 22 (3) 579-593; DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.070094
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The Plant Cell Online: 22 (3)
The Plant Cell
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