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Synthetic Lethality in the Tobacco Plastid Ribosome and Its Rescue at Elevated Growth Temperatures

Miriam Ehrnthaler, Lars B. Scharff, Tobias T. Fleischmann, Claudia Hasse, Stephanie Ruf, Ralph Bock
Miriam Ehrnthaler
Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Lars B. Scharff
Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Tobias T. Fleischmann
Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Claudia Hasse
Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Stephanie Ruf
Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Ralph Bock
Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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  • ORCID record for Ralph Bock
  • For correspondence: rbock@mpimp-golm.mpg.de

Published February 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.114.123240

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  • © 2014 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved.

Abstract

Consistent with their origin from cyanobacteria, plastids (chloroplasts) perform protein biosynthesis on bacterial-type 70S ribosomes. The plastid genomes of seed plants contain a conserved set of ribosomal protein genes. Three of these have proven to be nonessential for translation and, thus, for cellular viability: rps15, rpl33, and rpl36. To help define the minimum ribosome, here, we examined whether more than one of these nonessential plastid ribosomal proteins can be removed from the 70S ribosome. To that end, we constructed all possible double knockouts for the S15, L33, and L36 ribosomal proteins by stable transformation of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plastid genome. We find that, although S15 and L33 function in different ribosomal particles (30S and 50S, respectively), their combined deletion from the plastid genome results in synthetic lethality under autotrophic conditions. Interestingly, the lethality can be overcome by growth under elevated temperatures due to an improved efficiency of plastid ribosome biogenesis. Our results reveal functional interactions between protein and RNA components of the 70S ribosome and uncover the interdependence of the biogenesis of the two ribosomal subunits. In addition, our findings suggest that defining a minimal set of plastid genes may prove more complex than generally believed.

  • Glossary

    RFLP
    restriction fragment length polymorphism
    • Received January 17, 2014.
    • Revised January 17, 2014.
    • Accepted January 30, 2014.
    • Published February 21, 2014.
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    Synthetic Lethality in the Tobacco Plastid Ribosome and Its Rescue at Elevated Growth Temperatures
    Miriam Ehrnthaler, Lars B. Scharff, Tobias T. Fleischmann, Claudia Hasse, Stephanie Ruf, Ralph Bock
    The Plant Cell Feb 2014, 26 (2) 765-776; DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.123240

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    Synthetic Lethality in the Tobacco Plastid Ribosome and Its Rescue at Elevated Growth Temperatures
    Miriam Ehrnthaler, Lars B. Scharff, Tobias T. Fleischmann, Claudia Hasse, Stephanie Ruf, Ralph Bock
    The Plant Cell Feb 2014, 26 (2) 765-776; DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.123240
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