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The Ca2+ Channel CNGC19 Regulates Arabidopsis Defense Against Spodoptera Herbivory

Mukesh Kumar Meena, Ramgopal Prajapati, Deepthi Krishna, Keerthi Divakaran, Yogesh Pandey, Michael Reichelt, M.K. Mathew, Wilhelm Boland, Axel Mithöfer, Jyothilakshmi Vadassery
Mukesh Kumar Meena
National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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Ramgopal Prajapati
National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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Deepthi Krishna
National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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Keerthi Divakaran
National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
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Yogesh Pandey
National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
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Michael Reichelt
Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
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M.K. Mathew
National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, Karnataka 560065, India
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Wilhelm Boland
Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Axel Mithöfer
Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Jyothilakshmi Vadassery
National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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Published July 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.19.00057

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  • © 2019 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved.

Abstract

Cellular calcium elevation is an important signal used by plants for recognition and signaling of environmental stress. Perception of the generalist insect, Spodoptera litura, by Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) activates cytosolic Ca2+ elevation, which triggers downstream defense. However, not all the Ca2+ channels generating the signal have been identified, nor are their modes of action known. We report on a rapidly activated, leaf vasculature- and plasma membrane-localized, CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE GATED CHANNEL19 (CNGC19), which activates herbivory-induced Ca2+ flux and plant defense. Loss of CNGC19 function results in decreased herbivory defense. The cngc19 mutant shows aberrant and attenuated intravascular Ca2+ fluxes. CNGC19 is a Ca2+-permeable channel, as hyperpolarization of CNGC19-expressing Xenopus oocytes in the presence of both cyclic adenosine monophosphate and Ca2+ results in Ca2+ influx. Breakdown of Ca2+-based defense in cngc19 mutants leads to a decrease in herbivory-induced jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine biosynthesis and expression of JA responsive genes. The cngc19 mutants are deficient in aliphatic glucosinolate accumulation and hyperaccumulate its precursor, methionine. CNGC19 modulates aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis in tandem with BRANCHED-CHAIN AMINO ACID TRANSAMINASE4, which is involved in the chain elongation pathway of Met-derived glucosinolates. Furthermore, CNGC19 interacts with herbivory-induced CALMODULIN2 in planta. Together, our work reveals a key mechanistic role for the Ca2+ channel CNGC19 in the recognition of herbivory and the activation of defense signaling.

  • Received January 29, 2019.
  • Revised April 18, 2019.
  • Accepted May 7, 2019.
  • Published May 13, 2019.
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The Ca2+ Channel CNGC19 Regulates Arabidopsis Defense Against Spodoptera Herbivory
Mukesh Kumar Meena, Ramgopal Prajapati, Deepthi Krishna, Keerthi Divakaran, Yogesh Pandey, Michael Reichelt, M.K. Mathew, Wilhelm Boland, Axel Mithöfer, Jyothilakshmi Vadassery
The Plant Cell Jul 2019, 31 (7) 1539-1562; DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00057

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The Ca2+ Channel CNGC19 Regulates Arabidopsis Defense Against Spodoptera Herbivory
Mukesh Kumar Meena, Ramgopal Prajapati, Deepthi Krishna, Keerthi Divakaran, Yogesh Pandey, Michael Reichelt, M.K. Mathew, Wilhelm Boland, Axel Mithöfer, Jyothilakshmi Vadassery
The Plant Cell Jul 2019, 31 (7) 1539-1562; DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00057
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The Plant Cell: 31 (7)
The Plant Cell
Vol. 31, Issue 7
Jul 2019
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