Three-way interactions between plants, microbes, and arthropods (PMA): Impacts, mechanisms, and prospects for sustainable plant protection (By Maria J. Pozo, Benedicte R. Albrectsen, Eduardo R. Bejarno, Eduardo de la Peña, Sava Herrero, Ainhoa Martinez-Medina, Victoria Pastor, Sabine Ravnskov, Mary Williams and Arjen Biere)
Plants constantly interact with numerous of organisms and the outcome of these interactions determines plant health and growth. In other words, the phenotype of a plant is not only the result of the plant’s interaction with abiotic conditions, but also of multiple interactions in the living environment surrounding the plant, the phytobiome. In this Teaching Tool, we have focused on interactions between plants, microbes and arthropods (PMA). The organism groups that contribute to PMA interactions are presented as well as types of interactions between them, along with multiple examples of simple and more complex PMA interactions. The underlying mechanisms of plant responses are described in detail as well as the evolutionary aspects of PMA interactions. Finally, the use of PMA interactions for crop protection in sustainable plant production that supports the UN Sustainable Development Goals for 2030 is proposed.
(Posted July 7, 2020)
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Pozo, M.J., Albrectsen, B.R., Bejarano, E.R., de la Peña, E., Herrero, S., Martinez-Medina, A., Pastor, V., Ravnskov, S., Williams, M., and Biere, A. (July 7, 2020). Three-way interactions between plants, microbes, and arthropods (PMA): Impacts, mechanisms, and prospects for sustainable plant protection. Teaching Tools in Plant Biology: Lecture Notes. The Plant Cell (online), doi/ /10.1105/tpc.120.tt0720